Who, What, Where (India & World) ?
Constitutional Head
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| President of India | Draupadi Murmu (15th) |
| Vice President of India | C.P. Radhakrishnan (15th) |
| Prime Minister of India | Narendra Modi (15th) |
Judicial Head
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| Chief Justice, Supreme Court if India | Surya Kant (53rd) |
| Attorney General of India | R. Venkataramani (16th) |
| Solicitor General of India | Tushar Mehta |
| Chairman, National Green Tribunal | Justice Prakash Shrivastava |
| Chairman, GST Appellate Tribunal | Sanjay Kumar Mishra (1st) |
Parliamentary Head
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| Chairman, Rajya Sabha | C.P. Radhakrishnan |
| Deputy Chairman, Rajya Sabha | Harivansh Narayan Singh |
| Secretary General, Rajya Sabha | Pramod Chandra Modi |
| Leader of Opposition, Rajya Sabha | Mallikarjun Kharge |
| Leader of Ruling Party, Rajya Sabha | JP Nadda |
| Speaker, 18th Lok Sabha | Om Birla |
| Leader of Opposition, Lok Sabha | Rahul Gandhi |
| Secretary General, Lok Sabha | Utpal Kumar Singh |
Election Commission of India
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| Chief Election Commissioner | Gyanesh Kumar (26th) |
| Election Commissioners | Vivek Joshi |
| Election Commissioners | Sukhvir Sandhu |
Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| Comptroller and Auditor General | K. Sanjay Murthy (15th) |
| Controller General of Accounts (CGA) | T. C. A. Kalyani (29th) |
| Surveyor General | Hitesh Kumar Makwana |
Chiefs of Armed Forces
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| Supreme Commander | President, Draupadi Murmu |
| Chief of Air Force | Amarpreet Singh (28th) |
| Chief of Naval Staff | Dinesh Kumar Tripathi (26th) |
| Chief of Army Staff | Upendra Dwivedi (30th) |
| Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) | Lt. Gen Anil Chauhan |
| Director General, Military Operations | Lt. General Manoj Kumar Katiyar |
Secretary and Advisor
| Name of the Post (Office) | Name |
|---|---|
| Cabinet Secretary | TV Somanathan |
| Advisor, Prime Minister | Amit Khare, Tarun Kapoor |
| Principal Secretary, Prime Minister | Dr. Prmod Kumar Mishra |
| Principal Secretary, Prime Minister (2) | Shaktikanta Das |
| Private Secretary, Prime Minister | Nidhi Tiwari |
| Home Secretary | Govind Mohan |
| Defence Secretary | Rajesh Kumar Singh |
| Defence Finance Secretary | Gargi Kaul |
| Finance Secretary | Ajay Seth |
| Foreign Secretary | Vikram Misri (35th) |
| Revenue Secretary | Arvind Srivastava |
| National Security Advisor | Ajit Doval |
| Deputy National Security Advisor | Anish Dayal Singh |
| Chief Economic Advisor | V Anantha Nageswaran |
| Principal Scientific Advisor | Ajay Kumar Sood |
n Heads of Intelligence and Investigation Organisations
Central Vigilance Commissioner (CVC)
- Praveen Kumar Srivastava (19th)
Vigilance Commissioners - Arvind Kumar, A.S. Rajeev
Chief, Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) - Praveen Sood
Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) - Hiralal Samariya (12th)
Director, Intelligence Bureau (IB) - Tapan Kumar Deka
Chief, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) - Ravi Sinha
Director General, National Investigation Agency (NIA)
- Sadanand Vasat Date
Director, Enforcement Directorate (ED) - Rahul Naveen
n Heads of Paramilitary Forces
DG, Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) - Amrit Mohan Prasad
DG, Border Security Force (BSF) - Daljit Singh Chaudhary
DG, Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) - Gyanendra P. Singh
DG, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) - R.S. Bhatti
DG, National Security Guard (NSG) - B Srinivasan
Director, Special Protection Group (SPG) - Alok Sharma
DG, Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) - Sanjeev Raina
DG, National Cadet Corps (NCC) - Gurbirpal Singh (34th)
DG, Indian Coast Guard (ICG) - Shivamani Parmesh (26th)
DG, National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) - Piyush Anand
DG, Railway Protection Force Service (RPF) - Manoj Yadav
DG, Assam Rifles (AR) - Vikas Lakhera
DG, Home Guard (HG) - Vivek Srivastava
DG, Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) - Anurag Garg
DG, Border Roads Organisation (BRO) - Raghu Srinivasan
n Chairpersons of Major Commissions
Chairman, NITI Aayog - Narendra Modi (Prime Minister)
Vice Chairman NITI Aayog - Suman Kumar Beri
CEO, NITI Aayog - BVR Subramaniam
Chairman, Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
- Preeti Sudan
Chairman, 22nd / 21st Law Commission
- Rituraj Awasthi / Balbir Chauhan
Chairman, National Commission for Women (NCW)
- Vijaya Kishore Rahatkar (10th)
Chairman, National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)
- Hansraj Gangaram Ahir
Chairman, Staff Selection Commission (SSC)- S Gopalakrishnan
Chairman, 7th Pay Commission - Ashok Kumar Mathur
Chairman, Lokpal - Ajay Manikrao Khanvilkar
Chairman 16th/15th Finance Commission
- Arvind Panagariya / N K Singh
Chairman, Competition Commission of India (CCI)
- Ravneet Kaur
Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes(NCST)
- Antar Singh Arya
Chairman, National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
- Kishor Makwana
Chairman, National Human Rights Commission (NCRC)
- V. Ramasubramanian (9th)
[ 6 ]
CMD, Shipping Corporation of India (SCI) - Harjeet Kaur Joshi
CMD, Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (NLC) - Rakesh Kumar
CMD, Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. (RINL) - A.K. Saxena
CMD, National Buildings Construction Corporation Ltd. (NBCCL)
- P.K. Gupta
CMD, Engineering India Ltd. (EIL) - Bartika Shukla
CMD, Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. (RVNL) - Pradeep Gaur
CMD, Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers (RCF) - S.C. Mudgerikar
CMD, ONGC Videsh Limited (OVL) - Arun Kumar Singh
CMD, Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)
- Pradeep Kumar Das
CMD, Mazagon Dock Shipbuildings Limited (MDSL)
- Sanjeev Singhal
CMD, NHPC Limited - Rajkumar Chaudhary
CMD, Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) - R.P. Gupta
CMD, Rail Tel Corporation (RCIL) - Sanjay Kumar
CMD, Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam (SJVN) - Sushil Kumar Sharma
CMD, National Fertilizers Ltd. (NFL) - Dr. U Saravanan
CMD, Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC)
- Ashutosh Agnihotri
CMD, HUDCO - Sanjay Kulshrestha
CMD, Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation (IRCTC)
- Sanjay Kumar Jain
CMD, Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC)
- Manoj Kumar Dubey
n Heads of other PSUs
CMD, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) - Robert J. Ravi
CMD, Airports Authority of India (AAI) - Vipin Kumar
CMD, Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC)
- Sambit Patra
n Heads of Educational and Academic Institutions
Chairman, University Grants Commission (UGC)
- M. Jagadeesh Kumar
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU)
- Prof. Nageswara Rao
Vice Chancellor, Delhi University (DU) - Yogesh Singh
Vice Chancellor, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)
- Shatishree Dhulipudi Pandit
Vice Chancellor, Banaras Hindu University (BHU) - Sudhir K. Jain
Chancellor, Nalanda University - Arvind Panagariya
Vice-Chancellor, Nalanda University - Abhay Kumar Singh
Chancellor, Gatishakti University - Ashwini Vaishnav
Director, National Council of Educational Research and Training
(NCERT) - Dinesh Prasad Saklani
Chairman, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
- Rahul Singh
Chairman, Sahitya Akademi - Madhav Koshik
Chairman, Sangeet Natak Akademi - Shekhar Sen
President, Lalit Kala Academy - Uma Nanduri
n Heads of Press and Media
DG, Press Information Bureau (PIB) - Dhirendra Ojha
Chairman, Prasar Bharati Board - Navneet Kumar Sehgal
Chairman, National School of Drama - Paresh Rawal
Chairman, Film and Television Institute of India - R. Madhavan
Principal Director General, Akaashvani (All India Radio)
- Mousumi Chakraborty
Chairman, Press Trust of India (PTI) - K. N. Shanta Kumar
Chairman, United News of India (UNI) - Sagar Mukhopadhyay
President, Indian Newspaper Society (INS)
- M. V. Shreyams Kumar
Chairman, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
(NCPCR) - Priyank Kanungo
Chairman, National Commission for Minorities (NCM)
- Sardar Iqbal Singh Lalpura
n Indian Board/Committee/Authority & their Chairman
Chairman & CEO, Railway Board - Satish Kumar
Chairman, Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
- Tuhin Kanta Pandey
CEO, Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) - Ravindra Bhaker
Chairman, Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS)- Zulfikar Hasan
Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) - Ravi Agarwal
Chairman, Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC)
- Sanjay Kumar Agarwal
Chairman, National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
- Meenesh Shah
Chairman, Company Law Board (CLB) - Mahesh Mittal Kumar
Chairman, Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB)
- Anil Kumar Jain
Chairman, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI)
- Anil Kumar Lahoti
CEO, Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
- Bhuvnesh Kumar
Registrar General & Census Commissioner
- Mrityunjay Kumar Narayan
Chairman, Public Accounts Committee (PAC) - K.C. Venu Gopal
Chairman, Estimates Committee - Dr. Sanjay Jaiswal
Chairman, National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
- Santosh Kumar Yadav
Chairman, Airports Authority of India (AAI) - Vipin Kumar
n Heads of Maharatna Companies (Total-14)
CMD, National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
- Gurdeep Singh
CMD, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
- Arun Kumar Singh
CMD, Steel Authority of India Ltd. (SAIL) - Amarendu Prakash
CMD, Gas Authority of India Ltd. (GAIL) - Sandeep K. Gupta
CMD, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL)- Arvindar Singh Sahney
CMD, Coal India Ltd. (CIL) - Polavarapu M. Prasad
CMD, Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL)
- G. Krishnakumar
CMD, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
- Koppu Sadashiva Murthy
CMD, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
- Vikas Kaushal
CMD, Power Grid Corporation of India - Ravinder Kumar Tyagi
CMD, Power Finance Corporation (PFC) - Parminder Chopra
CMD, Rural Electrification Corporation (REC)
- Vivek Kumar Dewangan
CMD, Oil India Limited (OIL) - Ranjit Rath
CMD, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) - Dr. D. K. Sunil
n Heads of Navratna Companies (Total-26)
CMD, IRCON International Limited (IRCON) - Bajesh Kumar Gupta
CMD, RITES Limited (RITES) - Rahul Mithal
CMD, Container Corporation of India (CONCOR)-B, Kalyan Rama
CMD, Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. (MTNL) - Sunil Kumar
CMD, Bharat Electronics Ltd. (BEL) - Manoj Jain
CMD, National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC)
- Sumit Dev
CMD, National Aluminium Company Ltd. (NALCO)
- Brijendra Pratap Singh
[ 7 ]
Note : After the merger of 10 public sector banks with 4 large public sector banks
on August 30, 2019, the number of public sector banks in India has increased to 12
at present. Allahabad Bank merged with Indian Bank, Andhra Bank merged with
Union Bank of India, Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank of India merged
with Punjab National Bank, Syndicate Bank merged with Canara Bank, Vijaya Bank
and Dena Bank merged with Bank of Baroda.
MD, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) - R. Doraiswami
DG, Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC)
- Ashok Kumar Singh
CMD, General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC)
- Devesh Shrivastava
CMD, New India Assurance Company Limited
- Girija Subramanian
CMD, United India Insurance Company (UIIC)
- Bhupesh Sushil Rahul
CMD, National Insurance Company (NICL)
- Rajeshwari Singh Muni
MD & CEO, SBI General Insurance - Naveen Chandra Jha
n Heads of Economic/Commercial Institutions/Organisations
Secretary General, FICCI - Shailesh Pathak
President, FICCI - Harshvardhan Agarwal
Secretary, ASSOCHAM - Manish Singhal
President, ASSOCHAM - Sanjay Nair
President, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) - Sanjeev Puri
MD, NAFED - Dipak Agarwal
President, IFFCO - Dilip Sanghani
President, NASSCOM - Sindhu Gangadharan
MD & CEO, Unit Trust of India (UTI) - Imtaiyazur Rahman
CEO, National Stock Exchange (NSE) - Ashish Kumar Chauhan
Chairman, National Stock Exchange (NSE)
- Girish Chandra Chaturvedi
Chairman, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) - Pramod Agarwal
MD & CEO, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE)
- Sundararaman Ramamurthy
Officials of banks
n Central Bank (RBI)
Governor - Sanjay Malhotra (26th)
Deputy Governors - Swaminathan Janakiraman T. Rabi
Shankar, M. Rajeswara Rao, Poonam Gupta
Chief Financial Officer (CFO) - Sudha Balakrishnan
n Heads of Public Sector Banks
State Bank of India (SBI)
n Chairman - Challa Srinivasulu Shetty
n Chief Financial Officer (CFO) - Kameswara Rao Kodavanti
n MD - R M Rao Amara, Vinay M. Tonse, Ashwini K. Tiwari
MD & CEO, Bank of Baroda (BoB) - Devdutt Chand
MD & CEO, Bank of India (BOI) - Rajnish Karnataka
MD & CEO, Bank of Maharashtra - Nidhu Saxena
MD & CEO, Canara Bank - K. Satyanarayana Raju
MD & CEO, Central Bank of India - Matam Venkata Rao
MD & CEO, Indian Bank - Vinod Kumar
MD & CEO, Indian Overseas Bank - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
MD & CEO, Punjab National Bank (PNB) - Ashok Chandra
MD & CEO, Punjab & Sind Bank - Swarup Kumar Saha
MD & CEO, UCO Bank - Ashwani Kumar
MD & CEO, Union Bank of India - A Manimekhalai
n Heads of Scientific and Research Organisations
Chairman, ISRO - S. Somnath (10th)
Chairman, Atomic Research Commission (AEC)- A. K. Mohanty
Chairman, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
- Dinesh Kumar Shukla
Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) - Vivek Bhasin
Chairman, Defence Research and Development Organization
(DRDO) - Sameer V. Kamat
Director General, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
(CSIR) - Nallathambi Kalaiselvi
Chairman, Industrial and Development Research Council
- T.K. Ramasamy
Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center - Dr. Unni Krishnan Nair
n Heads of Sports Organisations
President, International Cricket Council (ICC) - Jay Shah (India)
CEO, International Cricket Council (ICC) - Geoff Allardice
First Independent Woman Director, ICC - Indira Nooyi
President, Asian Cricket Council (ACC) - Mohsin Naqvi (Pakistan)
President, International Olympic Committee (IOC)
- Kristi Konti (Zimbabwe)
President Asian Olympic Council (OCA) - Randhir Singh
President, International Athletic Federation - Sebastian Coe (UK)
President, International Weightlifting Federation (IWF)
- Mohammed Jalood
President, International Hockey Federation (FIH)
- Md. Tayyab Ikram (Pakistan)
Ethics Officer and Ombudsman BCCI - Justic Arun Mishra
President, FIFA - Gianni Infantino (Italy-Switzerland)
President, International Boxing Association (AIBA)
- Lovlina Borgohain
President, Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI)
- Roger Binny (36th)
Chairman, BCCI Selection Committee - Ajit Agarkar
Head Coach, Indian Cricket Team - Gautam Gambhir
Head Coach, Indian Women’s Cricket Team - Amol Mazumdar
Director General, Sports Authority of India - Neelam Kapoor
President, Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) - Sanjay Singh
President, Indian Table Tennis Association - Meghna Ahlawat
President, All India Football Federation (AIFF) - Kalyan Chaubey
President, Volleyball Federation of India (VFI) - Achyuta Samanta
President, Basketball Federation of India (BFI) - Adhav Arjun
President, Hockey India (HI) - Dilip Tarki
President, Athletic Federation of India (AFI)
- Bahadur Singh Sagoo
Chief Coach, Indian Football Team - Manolo Marquez (Spain)
President, (First Woman), Indian Olympic Association (IOA)
- PT Usha
President, Badminton Association of India (BAI)
- Himanta Biswa Sarma
President, Weightlifting Federation of India (IWF) - Sahdev Yadav
President, Indian Paralympic Committee (IPC)
- Devendra Jhajharia
n Heads of Insurance Institutions
Chairman, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
of India (IRDA) - Debashish Panda
Chairman, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
- Siddharth Mohanty
[ 8 ]
Defence Equipment
Equipment Developed by What is ?
n HELINA Developed in India Anti-tank Missile
n Chinook American Company Boeing Helicopter
n Barak-8 DRDO and Israel Surface to Air Missile
n INS Vela France Scorpene Submarine
n Rafale France (Dassault Aviation) Fighter Aircraft
n S-400 Russia Air Defence System
n Pinaka India (First Indigenous) Rocket
n INS Kalvari Indigenously built Scorpene Submarine
n Apache America Fighter Helicopter
Note : With effect from April 1, 2015, ING Vysya Bank has been
merged with Kotak Mahindra Bank. Recently Lakshmi Vilas Bank
has been merged with the Indian branch of DBS Bank of Singapore.
n Heads of private banks and financial institutions
CEO, Axis Bank - Amitabh Chaudhry
MD & CEO, Bandhan Bank - Partha Pratim Sengupta
CEO, Kotak Mahindra Bank - Ashok Vaswani
CEO, Indusind Bank - Sumant Kathpalia
CEO, Bank of West - Nandita Bakshi
CEO, ICICI Bank - Sandeep Bakshi
MD & CEO, HDFC Bank - Shashidhar Jagdishan
MD & CEO, IDFC First Bank - V. Vaidyanathan
MD & CEO, Yes Bank - Prashant Kumar
MD & CEO, City Union Bank - N. Kamakodi
Chairman, India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) - Vandita Kaul
CEO, DBS Bank - Rajat Verma
CEO, Jammu & Kashmir Bank - Amitava Chatterjee
CEO, Paytm Payments Bank - Arun Bansal
CEO, Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
- Manoj Mittal
CEO, Industrial Development Bank of India IDBI- Rakesh Sharma
MD, Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)
- Harsha Bhupendra Bangari
Chairman, NABARD - Shaji KV
President, Indian Banks Association (IBA) - M. V. Rao
MD, National Housing Bank (NHB) - Sanjay Shukla
MD & CEO, RBL Bank - R. Subramaniakumar
MD & CEO, Karur Vysya Bank - B. Ramesh Babu
MD & CEO, Federal Bank - KVS Manian
MD & CEO, Karnataka Bank - Shri Srikrishnan Harihara Sarma
MD & CEO, Development Credit Bank (DCB Bank)
- Murali M Natrajan
Bharatiya Mahila Bank - S. M. Swati
Head of International Organizations
n Head of the United Nations
Secretary-General, United Nations
- Antonio Guterres (Portugal)
Deputy Secretary-General, United Nations (UNO)
- Amina J. Mohammed (Nigeria)
President, 78th / 79th session at UN General Assembly
- Dennis Francis / Philemon Yang (Cameroon)
n Specialized Agencies of the United Nations
President, World Bank (IBRD) - Ajay Banga (14th)
President, Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) - Ilham Aliyev
MD, International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- Kristalina Georgieva (Bulgaria)
DG, World Trade Organization (WTO) - Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Secretary General, UNCTAD - Rebeca Grynspan (Costa Rica)
Director General, UNESCO - Audrey Azoulay (France)
DG, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
- Qu Dongyu (China)
DG, International Labour Organization (ILO)
- Gilbert Houngbo (Togo)
Executive Director, UNICEF - Catherine Russell (USA)
DG, World Health Organization (WHO)
- Tedros Adhanom (Eritrea)
Administrator, United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
- Achim Steiner (Brazil-Germany)
Secretary General, SAARC - Md. Golam Sarwar (Bangladesh)
n International and Regional Organizations
Secretary General, Commonwealth
- Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey (Ghana)
President, European Council (EC) - Antonio Costa (Portugal)
President, African Union (AU)
- Mohamed Ould Ghazouani (Mauritania)
Secretary General, OPEC - Haitham Al-Ghais (Kuwait)
Secretary General, NATO - Mark Rutte (Netherlands)
Secretary General, ASEAN - Dr. Kao Kim Hourn (Cambodia)
Director, Amnesty International India - Avinash Kumar
President, Asian Development Bank (ADB)
- Masato Kanda (Japan)
Secretary General, INTERPOL - Valdecy Urquiza (Brazil)
Chairman, INTERPOL - Ahmed Nasser Al-Raisi (UAE)
President, International Court of Justice (ICJ)
- Nawaf Salam (Lebanon)
Administrator, Space Agency NASA - Janet Petro
President, New Development Bank (NDB) - Dilma Rousseff
High Commissioner, United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR) - Filippo Grandi (Italy)
President, United Nations Human Rights Commission (UNHRC)
- Jurg Lauber (Switazerland)
Director General, International Atomic Energy Agency
- Rafael Grossi (Argentina)
Secretary General, BIMSTEC - Indra Mani Pandey (India)
[ 9 ]
Indian Ambassador to various countries
Country Capital
Ambassador/
High Commissioner
n Tuvalu - Funafuti - Suneet Mehta
n Hungary - Budapest - Anshuman Gaur
n Guatemala - Guatemala City - Rajkumar Singh
n Timor Liste - Dili - Madan Kumar Childiyal
n Egypt - Cairo - Suresh K Reddy
n South Sudan - Juba - Anil Nautiyal
n Israel - Jerusalem - Jitendra Pal Singh
n Latvia - Riga - Namrata S. Kumar
n Oman - Muscat - Godavarthi Venkat Srinivas
n ASEAN - Jakarta - Srinivas Gotru
n Poland - Warsaw - Jayant N Khobragade
n Moldova - Chisinau - Manika Jain
n Mali - Bamako - N. Nandakumar
n Zambia - Lusaka - Alok Ranjan Jha
n Kyrgyz - Bishkek - Birendra Singh Yadav
n Bulgaria - Sofia - Arun Kumar Sahu
n Georgia - Tbilisi - Abhay Kumar
n Burkina Faso - Ouagadougou - Om Prakash Meena
n Belarus - Minsk City - Ashok Kumar
n Brazil - Brasilia - Dinesh Bhatia
n Maldives - Male - G. Balasubramanian
n Barbados - Bridgetown - Subhash Prasad Gupta
n Mauritius - Port Louis - Anurag Srivastava
n Namibia - Windhoek - Rahul Srivastava
n Liberia - Monrovia - Manoj Bihari Verma
n Sweden - Stockholm - Neena Malhotra
n France - Paris - Sanjeev Kumar Singla
n Germany - Berlin - Ajit Vinayak Gupte
n San Marino - San Marion - Vani Sarraju
n Cambodia - Phnom Penh - B Vanlalvawan
n Turkiye - Ankara - Muktesh Kuamr Pardeshi
n Netherlands - Amsterdam - Kumar Tuhin
n Morocco - Rabat - Sanjay Rana
n Albania - Tirana - Rabindra Prasad Jaiswal
n Congo - Brazzaville - V. Venkataraman
n Bolivia - La Paz, Sucre - Rohit Kumar R Vadhwana
n Algeria - Algiers - Swati Vijay Kulkarni
n Iceland - Reykjavik - R. Ravindra
n Croatia - Zagreb - Arun Goyal
n United Nations - Washington DC - Parvataneni Harish
Famous National Women
n Aarti Sareen - First woman DG Armed Forces Medical Services
n Naima Khatun - First women VC, Aligarh Muslim University
n Sadhana Saxena Nair - First woman DG, Medical Services (Army)
n Avani Lekhara- First woman to win two gold medals in Paralympics
n Kamya Karthikeyan - Youngest India woman to climb Everest
n Jyoti Ratre - Oldest Indian woman to climb Everest
n Anamika Rajeev - First woman helicopter pilot of Indian Navy
n Preeti Rajak - First woman Subedar of Indian Army
n Aditi Sen Dey - First woman scientist to receive GD Birla Award
n Suprita CT - First woman posted in Siachen Glacier
n Madhavi Manu Kashyap - Country's first transgender SI (Bihar)
n Akshata Krishnamurthy - First Indian to operate a rover on Mars
n Geetika Kaul - First woman medical Officers posted in Siachen
n Jaya Verma Sinha - First woman chairperson of Railway Board
n Deepika Mishra - First woman to receive gallantry medal (Air Force)
n Geeta Rana - First woman officer of Army in Ladakh
n Lance Naik Manju - First woman skydiver of Indian Army
n PT Usha - First woman President, Indian Olympic Association
n Meghana Ahlawat - First president, Table Tennis Association
n Shivangi Singh - First woman fighter pilot of India
n Hina Jaiswal - First woman flight engineer of the Air Force
n Indu Malhotra - First woman lawyer to become a judge in SC
n Jyoti Sharma - First woman judge of Indian Army
Famous International Women
n Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah - First woman President, Nambibia
n Claudia Sheinbaum - First woman President, Mexico
n Patongtorn Shinawatra - Youngest Prime Minister, Thailand
n Judit Suminwa Tuluka - First woman Prime Minister, Congo
n Roberta Metsola - First woman President, European Parliament
n Celeste Salo - First woman SG, World Meteorological Organization
n Manuel Roca Botte - First female PM of Equatorial Guinea
n Dina Boluart - First female President of Peru
n Georgia Meloni - First woman Prime Minister of Italy
n Rayana Barnaby - First woman astronaut of Saudi Arabia
n Ayesha Malik - First woman Chief Justice (SC) of Pakistan
n Natasa Pirk Musar - First woman President of Slovenia
[ 10 ]
Major Missions of ISRO : 2023-25
Mission Launch Date Launch Vehicle
n NVS-02 19 Jan. 2025 GSLV-F15
n SPADEX 30 Dec. 2024 PSLV-C60
n PROBA-3 5 Dec. 2024 PSLV-C59
n GSAT-20 (N-2/20) 19 Nov. 2024 SpaceX Falcon-9
n EOS-8 16 Aug. 2024 SSLV D3
n Insat-3DS 17 Feb. 2024 GSLV-F14
n XPoSat 1 Jan. 2024 PSLV-C58
n Aditya-L1 2 Sep. 2023 PSLV-C57
n DS-SAR 30 July 2023 PSLV-C56
n Chandrayaan-3 14 July 2023 LVM3-M4
Upcoming mission : ISRO
Mission Date Key Points / Objectives
n Chandrayaan-4 2028 Bringing samples from the Moon
n LUPEX 2025 A concept mission of JAXA and ISRO
n Gaganyaan 3 2025 A crew of three will be sent
n Gaganyaan 1/2 2024 India's first manned space program
n Shukrayaan-1 2025 To study Venus’s atmosphere
n Mangalyaan-2 2026 India’s second Mars mission
n NISAR 2024 NASA-ISRO Mission
Project Cheetah
n Under Project Cheetah, on 17 September 2022, 8 African
cheetahs (5 females and 3 males) were brought from Namibia
to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh, out of which one
female cheetah Sasha has died.
n To monitor this, the government has constituted a 9 members
task force for a period of two years.
n Under this project, there is a plan to bring a total of 50 cheetahs
to India in the next 5 years.
Tiger Census Report 2022
n Issued by - Wildlife Institute of India (as on 29th July 2023)
n Total number of tigers in India - 3682
n In the earlier report, the total number of tigers was said to be 3167.
n 75% of the world’s tigers are in India only, (mostly MP).
n Increase between 2018 and 2022 was recorded at 24.1%.
n Jim Corbett Reserve (Uttarakhand) has the highest number - 260
n The number in Bihar has increased to 31 in 2018 and 54 in 2022.
n According to Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change, the total number in India is 3925 and the annual growth
is 6.1%.
World’s leading companies (CEOs)
Company CEO
n Apple - Tim Cook
n NVIDIA - Jensen Huang
n Microsoft (CEO) - Satya Nadella
n Serum Institute of India - Adar Poonawala
n Tata Sons - Natarajan Chandrasekaran
n Tata Trust - Noel Tata
n Sansad TV - Utpal Kumar Singh
n TCS - K. Krittivasan
n Infosys - Salil Parekh
n Alphabet Inc/Google - Sundar Pichai
n Amazon - Andy Jessie
n Frilpkart - Kalyan Krishnamurthy
n Facebook - Mark Zuckerberg
n Twitter (New Name 'X') - Linda Yaccarino
n Instagram - Kevin Systrom
n WhatsApp - Will Cathcart
n Meta India - Sandhya Devanathan
n YouTube - Neil Mohan
n Tata Electronics - Randhir Thakur
n OpenAI (CEO) - Sam Altman
n SpaceX (CEO) - Elon Musk
Awards received by Prime Minister : 2023-25
n Abakal Award by the Republic of Palau 2023 - Palau Republic
n Companion of the Order of Logohu 2023 - Papua New Guinea
n Order of the Nile 2023 - Egypt
n Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 2023 - France
n Grand Cross of the Order of Honor 2023 - Greece
n Order of Druk Gyalpo 2024 - Bhutan
n Order of St Andrew the Apostle 2024 - Russia
n Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger 2024 - Nigeria
n Dominica Award of Honour 2024 - Dominica
n Order of Excellence 2024 - Guyana
n Honorary Order of Freedom of Barbados 2024 - Barbados
n Order of Mubarak al-Kabir 2024 - Kuwait
n Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the
Indian Ocean 2025 - Mauritius
n Mitra Vibhushan 2025 - Sri Lanka
Top 3 Super Computers of the World and India
Top 3 in the world Top 3 in India
n 1st EI Capitan (USA) n 1st Airawat (CDAC, Pune)
n 2nd Frontier (USA) n 2nd Paramsiddhi (CDAC, Pune)
n 3rd Aurora (USA) n 3rd Pratyush (IITM, Pune)
India's 76th Republic Day Celebration 2025
n Chief Guest (2025) - Prabowo Subianto (President of Indonesia)
n Theme (2025) - Swarnim Bharat : Virasat aur Vikas
n Best Tableau in State/UT Category
1st place - Uttar Pradesh, 2nd-Tripura, 3rd-Andhra Pradesh
(Mahakumbh 2025 - Swarnim Bharat : Virasat aur Vikas)
n Chief Guest (2024) - Emmanuel Macron (President of France)
[ 11 ]
Major Agricultural Producing : India & World
Crop / Food grains First in the world First in India
n Rice China West Bengal
n Wheat / Potato China Uttar Pradesh
n Maize America Karnataka
n Pulses India Madhya Pradesh
n Peanuts China Gujarat
n Sugarcane Brazil Uttar Pradesh
n Jute India West bengal
n Tobacco China Andhra Pradesh
n Natural Rubber Thailand Kerala
n Coffee Brazil Karnataka
n Sunflower Ukraine Karnataka
n Sorghum US Maharashtra
n Cotton China Gujarat
n Onion China Maharashtra
n Tea China Assam
n Soyabean America Madhya Pradesh
n Milk India Rajasthan
n Sugar India Maharashtra
n Spices India Madhya Pradesh
Major Minerals Producing : India and World
Minerals First in the world First in India
n Coal / Graphite China Odisha
n Diamond Russia Madhya Pradesh
n Copper Chile Madhya Pradesh
n Iron Ore Australia Odisha
n Silver Mexico Rajasthan
n Crude Oil America Rajasthan
n Natural Gas America Assam
n Bauxite Australia Odisha
n Manganese Ore South Africa Madhya Pradesh
n Gold China Karnataka
n Mica / Tungsten China Andhra Pradesh
n Uranium Kazakhstan Andhra Pradesh
n Gypsum US Rajasthan
n Lead / Cadmium China Rajasthan
n Nickel Indonesia Odisha
n Chromite South Africa Odisha
n Tin China Chhattisgarh
n Steel China Odisha
n Platinum South Africa Odisha
Cyclones in India in 2023-24
Name Affected Region Naming
n Saola Southern China Viyatnam
n Mocha Bengal, Odisha Yemen
n Biparjoy Maharashtra, Gujrat Bangladesh
n Hamoon Bangladesh, West Bengal Iran
n Mithali Bangladesh Coast Maldives
n Michaung Andhra Pradesh Myanmar
n Alvaro Madagaskar Coast Mozambique
n Gamen Madagaskar Eswatini
n Remal West Bengal, Bengladesh Oman
n Gami China, Taiwan, Philippines -
n Asna Kutch region and Saurashtra Pakistan
n Helen USA -
n Krathon Taiwan and Philippines -
n Debby USA -
n Dana Odisha, West Bengal Quatar
n Kong-Rey Taiwan -
n Fengal Tamil Nadu Saudi Arabia
n Alfred Australia -
18th India State of Forest Report-2023
Important facts
n On December 21, 2024, Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Minister Bhupendra Yadav released the 18th India State of
Forest Report 2023 at Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.
n Total forest and tree cover in the country - 8,27,357 sq km2.
(25.17%)
n Total forest cover in the country - 7,15,343 sq km2. (21.76%)
n Total tree cover in the country - 1,12,014 sq km2 (3.41%)
n Total increase (in forest and tree cover) - 1,445 sq. km2.
n Increase in forest cover - 1,56 sq km2 (compared to 2021)
n Increase in tree cover - 1,289 sq km2 (compared to 2021)
n Total mangrove forest - 4,992 sq km2. (Highest-West Bengal)
n States with highest forest area - Madhya Pradesh (77,073 km2),
Arunachal Pradesh (65,882 km2), Chhattisgarh (55,812 km2)
n States with highest forest cover percentage - Lakshadweep
(91.33%), Mizoram (85.34%), Andaman-Nicobar (81.62%)
n Top states showing increase in forest cover - Mizoram (242
km2), Gujarat (180 km2), Odisha (152 km2).
n States showing maximum increase in forest and tree cover -
Chhattisgarh (684 km2), UP (559 km2), Odisha (559 km2)
n Total carbon stock in country's forests - 7285.5 million tonnes
n Increase in carbon stock compared to 2021 - 81.5 millon tonnes
[ 12 ]
Changed names of Cities & others
Old Name Changed Name
n Khultabad (Maharashtra) - Ratnapur
n Bangalore City University
- Dr. Manmohan Singh Bangalore City University
n Zomato - Eternal Ltd.
n Gulf of mexico - Gulf of America
n Fort William (Kolkata) - Vijay Durg
n Hindustan Jet Trainer (Indian training aircraft) - Yashas
n Foy Sagar Lake (Ajmer) - Varun Sagar
n King Edward Memorial (Ajmer)
- Maharishi Dayanand Memorial Vishranti Grih
n Karimganj District (Assam) - Shribhumi
n Sultanganj Railway Station (Bhagalpur, Bihar)- Ajaibinath Dham
n Dhyanchand Lifetime Award - Arjuna Lifetime Award
n Sarai Kale Khan Chowk (Delhi) - Bhagwan Birsa Munda Chowk
n Maharashtra Skill Development University
- Ratan Tata Skill Development University
n Kaksar Bridge (Ladakh) - Captain Amit Bhardwaj Setu
n Port Blair - Sri Vijayapuram
n Pune Airport - Jagadguru Sant Tukaram Maharaj Airport
n Kasimpur Halt (UP) - Jais City
n Jais Station (UP) - Guru Gorakhnath Dham
n Misrauli Railway Station (UP) - Maa Kalikan Dham
n Bani Railway Station (UP) - Swami Paramhans Station
n Nihalgarh Station (UP) - Maharaia Bijli Pasi Railway Station
n Akhbarganj Station (UP) - Maa Ahorva Bhawani Dham
n Warisganj Station (UP) - Amar Shaheed Bhale Sultan Station
n Fursatganj Station (UP) - Tapeshwarnath Dham
n Rashtrapati Bhavan's 'Darbar Hall' - Ganatantra Mandap
n Rashtrapati Bhavan's 'Ashoka Hall' - Ashoka Mandap
n Joshimath Tehsil (Chamoli, Uttarakhand) - Jyotirmath
n Kosiyakutoli Tehsil, Uttarakhand - Pargana Shri Kainchi Dham
n Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium - Niranjan Shah Stadium
n Ayodhya Railway Station - Ayodhya Dham
n Panjokhara Village (Haryana) - Panjokhara Sahib
n Firozabad (Uttar Pradesh) - Chandranagar
n Old Parliament building - Samvidhan Sadan
n Udhampur Station- Shaheed Captain Tushar Mahajan Station
n Khelo India Women’s League - Asmita Women’s League
n Bandra-Versova Sea Bridge - Veer Savarkar Setu
n Mumbai Trans Harbour Link - Atal Setu
n Al Minhad City (United Arab Emirates) - Hind City
n Nehru Memorial Museum (Delhi) - Prime Minister’s Museum
n Millets (Millets Super Food) - Shree Anna
n Afghanistan Country - Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan
n Ahmadnagar District - Ahilyabai Holkar Nagar
n Shivamoga Airport - Kuvempu Airport (Proposed)
n Aurangabad City (Maharashtra) - Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar
n Osmanabad City (Maharashtra) - Dharashiv
n Rae Bareli Hockey Stadium - Queen’s Girls Hockey Turf
Dictionaries Word of the Year
Dictionary Word of the Word of the
Year 2023 Year 2024
n Oxford Rizz Brain Rot
n Merriam-Webster Authentic Polarisation
n Cambridge Hallucinate Manifest
n Collins AI Brat
n Dictionary.com Hallucinate Demure
Brand Ambassadors
n Fit India Icon - Ayushmann Khurrana
n Vision 2020 India - Krishnamachari Srikanth
n Federal Bank - Vidya Balan
n Tata Motors - Vicky Kaushal
n Skechers - Jasprit Bumrah
n India Gate Basmati Rice - Amitabh Bachchan
n FICCI Frames - Ayushmann Khurrana
n PUMA India & Wellness brand 'Hoop' - PV Sindhu
n Kho-Kho World Cup - 2025 - Salman Khan
n Dubai Sports Council - Sania Mirza and Harbhajan Singh
n Thailand Tourism - Sonu Sood
n Jharkhand assembly elections - Mahendra Singh Dhoni
n Madhya Pradesh Tourism - Pankaj Tripathi
n Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre - Rashmika Mandanna
n Union Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways - Manu Bhakar
n SA20 League - Dinesh Karthik
n Play Sports - Mary Kom, Sania Mirza, Rannvijay Sinha
n Wellness brand 'Hoop' - PV Sindhu
n MotoGP India - Shikhar Dhawan
n Goodwill Ambassador of UNHCR - Theo James
n Bisleri Limonata - Aditya Roy Kapoor
n Tobacco Control - PV Sindhu
n Muthoot Pappachan Group - Shahrukh Khan
n UNICEF India, National Ambassador - Kareena Kappor Khan
n Citroen India - Mahendra Singh Dhoni
n ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2024 Ambassador - Yuvraj Singh
n Space India - Sanjana Sanghi
n Youth Icon, Lok Sabha Election 2024 - Ayushmann Khurrana
n National Icon for Persons with Disabilities (EC) - Sheetal Devi
n Eveready & Speed Patrol - Neeraj Chopra
n Fit India Movement - Narendra Kumar Yadav
n State Icon of Punjab (for Lok Sabha elections) - Shubhman Gill
[ 13 ]
Schemes / Campaigns and States
Scheme / Yojana / Campaign / Mission State/Govt.
n NTR Bharosa Pension Scheme - Andhra Pradesh Govt.
n Witness Protection Scheme - Assam Govt.
n 'CM Majhi Ladki Behan' Scheme - Maharashtra Govt.
n Ullaas Scheme - Ladakh
n Rythu Bharosa Scheme - Telangana Govt.
n 'Pirul Lao-Paisa Pao' Campaing - Uttarakhand
n School on wheels - Manipur
n Chirag Yojna - Haryana
n Ningal Naima Scheme - Tamil Nadu
n Mahtari Vandan Yojana - Chhattisgarh
n Indira Gandhi Pyari Bahan Sukh Samman Nidhi Yojana - Himachal
n Indiramma Housing Scheme - Telangana
n 'Savera' program - Haryana
n SWAYAM Scheme - Odisha
n Chief Minister Vayoshree Scheme - Maharashtra
n 'Ungalai Thedi, Ungal Oril' Initiative - Tamil Nadu
n Road Safety Force - Punjab
n My School My Pride Campaign - Himachal Pradesh
n Chief Minister Women Entrepreneurship Campaign - Assam
n Our Constitution, Our Respect Campaign - Jagdeep Dhankhar
n Mahtari Vandana Yojana - Chhattisgarh
n Apna Vidyalaya Program - Himachal Pradesh
n Yuva Nidhi Scheme - Karnataka
n College Fagathansi Mission - Manipur
n Kuppa Hydro Storage Project - Gujarat
n Rani Durgavati Food Promotion Scheme - Madhya Pradesh
n Aarogyashree Scheme - Andhra Pradesh
n Abhay Hastam Program - Telangana
n Rajiv Gandhi Self-Employment Scheme - Himachal Pradesh
n SAANS Campaign - Manipur Govt.
n My Village My Heritage Project - Ministry of Culture
n Every Right for Every Child Campaign - Uttar Pradesh
n Har Ghar Solar Campaign - Uttar Pradesh
n Project Uddhav - Indian Army
n Safe City Project - Uttar Pradesh
n ‘Food Security’ campaign - Meghalaya
n Jamrani Dam Project - Uttarakhand
n Nayi Chetna 2.0 Campaign - Ministry of Rural Development
n Abua Housing Scheme - Jharkhand
Schemes / Campaigns and States
Scheme / Yojana / Campaign / Mission State/Govt.
n Single Women Empowerment Self Employment- Uttarakhand
n Project Hifazat - Punjab
n Mahila Samridhi Scheme - Delhi
n Rajiv Yuva Vikas Yojana - Telangana
n Sujal Project - Karnataka Govt.
n Bikashita Gaon Yojana - Odisha Govt.
n 'Har Khet-Swasth Khet' Campaign - Haryana Govt.
n Witness Protection Scheme - Haryana
n CM Fisherman Prosperity Scheme - Madhya Pradesh
n CM Youth Annadoot Scheme - Madhya Pradesh
n Banglar Bari Housing Scheme - West Bengal
n Deepam 2.0 Free Cylinder Scheme - Andhra Pradesh
n Come & Install Solar Power Projects Initiative - Himachal Pradesh
n Tourism Mitra & Tourism Didi Initiative - Ministry of Tourism
n Ghar-Ghar Solar Initiative - Tata Power
n Dharti Aba Janjati Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan - Tribal Affairs
n Hamara Samvidhan Hamara Samman - Department of Justice
n Nijut Moina Scheme - Assam Govt.
n Mission Basundhara 3.0 - Assam Govt.
n CM-SATH Scheme - Culture Ministry (Tripura)
n Mukhyamantri Sukh Shiksha Yojana - Himachal Pradesh
n Kulhari Band Panchayat Abhiyan - Rajasthan Govt.
n Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana - Jharkhand Govt.
n Yuva Udyamita Vikas Abhiyan Yojana - Uttar Pradesh Govt.
n Mukhyamantri Bal Paushtik Aahar Yojana - Himachal Pradesh
n 'Subhadra' Scheme - Odisha Govt.
n 'Abhay Hastam' Scheme - Telangana Govt.
n 'Lada Bhau' Scheme, Lake Ladki Scheme - Maharashtra Govt.
n Vigyan Dhara Scheme - Department of Science & Technology
n Project Naman - Indian Army
n Deen Dayal Sparsh Scheme - Indian Postal Department
n Anna Darpan Initiative - Food Corporation of India
n Project Asmita - UGC
n Project PARI - Culture Ministry (Govt. of India)
n 'Health Sathi' Scheme - Paytm
n CM Youth Work Training Scheme - Maharashtra Govt.
n Shramik Basera Scheme - Gujarat Govt.
n 'Scam Se Bacho' Abhiyan - Meta
n Sampoornata Abhiyan - Niti Aayog
[ 14 ]
GI Tags : 2023-25
Products Year States / UT's
n Nolen Gur Sandesh, Bardhaman Sitabhog, Kamarpukur White
Baigon, Murshidabad Chhanabora, Bishnupur Baluchari Saree,
Radhunipagal Rice, Malda Fazli Mango, Nakshi Kantha
- West Bengal
n Chapata Mirchi, Adilabad Dokra - Telangana
n Thanjavur Veena, Nagercoil Temple Jewellery, Virupaksha
Temple Chariot, Kanyakumari Matti Banana, Cumbum Paneer
Grapes - Tamil Nadu
n Virgin Coconut Oil - Andaman-Nicobar
n Gharchola (Traditional Handicraft) - Gujarat
n Pashmina Wool - Ladakh
n Ajrakh Print - Kutch (Gujarat)
n Sanjhi Craft - Mathura
n Tribal costume 'Riganai Pachara' - Tripura
n Flute - Pilibhit
n Gond Painting - Madhya Pradesh
n Tiranga Barfi and Dhalua Murti Metal Casting Craft - Varanasi
n Manjuli Masks and Manuscript Paintings - Assam
n Tribal costume 'Risa' - Tripura
n Silver Filigree (Chandi Tarkashi) - Odisha
n Dhenkanal Maji (Sweet) - Odisha
n Monpa Handmade Paper, Wancho Crafts - Arunachal Pradesh
n Kachhi Kharek (Dates) - Gujarat
n Besan Ka Laddoo - Ayodhya
n Red Aunt Chutney, Dongria Kondh Shawl - Odisha
n Kadiyal Saree - West Bengal
n Lakdong Haldi, Larnai Pottery - Meghalaya
n Saffron of Kishtwar District - Jammu and Kashmir
n Sea Buckthorn Fruit, Wood carving art - Ladakh
n Berinag Tea - Uttarakhand
n Yak Churpi, Khamti Rice, Tangsa Textile - Arunachal Pradesh
n Rasabali Sweets of Kendrapada - Odisha
n Cashew, Bebinka, Mankurad Mango - Goa
n Chokua rice, Gamocha - Assam
n Rayagada Shawl, Koraput Black Cumin Rice - Odisha
n Salem Sago (Sabudana) - Tamil Nadu
n Jalesar Metal Craft - Uttar Pradesh
n Usta Kala Crafts (Bikaner), Bandhej Kala (Jodhpur) - Rajasthan
n Kofratgiri Metal Crafts (Udaipur) - Rajasthan
n Kanyakumari Matty Banana, Ooty Varkey - Tamil Nadu
n Jaderi Namkatti, Marthandam Honey - Tamil Nadu
n Chedibutta Saree, Sholavandan Vetrilai - Tamil Nadu
n Negamam Saree, Mayiladi Stone Carving - Tamil Nadu
n Amroha Dholak, Sambhal Horn Craft - Uttar Pradesh
n Baghpat Home Furnishing - Uttar Pradesh
n Barabanki Handloom Products - Uttar Pradesh
n Kalpi Handmade Paper, Mainpuri Tarkashi - Uttar Pradesh
Festivals / Summits / Meetings : 2024-25
Festivals / Summits Venue
n Herath Festivial 2025 - Kashmir
n Jadaya Swamy Festival 2025 - Tamil Nadu
n Chapchar-Kut Festivial 2025 - Mizoram
n Attukal Pongal 2025 - Kerala
n Purple Festival 2025 - New Delhi
n Shigmo Festival 2025 - Goa
n Adi Festival 2025 - New Delhi
n Thaipusam Festival 2025 - Tamil Nadu
n Sambhar Festival - Rajasthan
n Pangsau Pass International Festival - Arunachal Pradesh
n Nagusaba Gorang Festival - Bali
n Memong Festival, Behdienkhlam Festival - Meghalaya
n 10th International Forest Fair - Madhya Pradesh
n Eaglenest Bird, Longte, Gorsum Kora - Arunachal Pradesh
n 1st Bodoland Festival, Phool Walon Ki Sair Fest. - New Delhi
n 2nd Indian Military Heritage Festival - New Delhi
n 25th Hornbill Festivial, Rusoma Orange Festival - Nagaland
n Mera Houchongba Festival, Ningol Chakoba Festival- Manipur
n Bali Padyami Festival - Karnataka
n Tihar Festival, 20th Jajmandu Music Festival - Nepal
n Boita Vandana, Bali Jatra, Nuakhai Festival - Odisha
n Igas Bagwal Festival, Jauljibi Fair, Phuldei Festival - Uttarakhand
n Kheer Bhawani, Jhiri Fair, Kashur Riwaj Festival - J & Kashmir
n Saddula Bathukamma Festival - Telangana
n Amur Falcon Festival, Khongjom Day - Manipur
n Ambubachi Mela, Chandubi, Kati Bihu Festival, - Assam
n Flying Festival - Himachal Pradesh
n 22th / 23nd Divya Kala Mela - New Delhi/Vadodara (Gujrat)
n Jaskar, Hemis Apricot Blossom Festival - Ladakh
n Kharchi Puja Festival - Tripura
n Chithirai, Vaikasi Visakam, Thaipoosam, Jallikattu- Tamil Nadu
n Sagadawa Festival - Sikkim
n Bahuda Yatra, Raj Parv Festival, Chilla Bird Festival - Odisha
n Makaravilakku, Thrissurpuram, Attukal Pongal - Kerala
n Shri Anna Mahotsav - Uttar Pradesh
n 10th International Yoga Day - Srinagar
n Ugadi Festival - Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Telangana, Goa
n Gangaur Festival, Camel Festival, Desert Festival - Rajasthan
n Dol Jatra Festival - West Bengal
n Poila Vaishakh Festival - Bangladesh
n Navreh, Tawi, Gole Mela Festival - Jammu & Kashmir
[ 15 ]
Obituaries : 2024-25
Person Date Field
n D. Mario Vargas Llosa 14 Apr. Nobel Prize-winning writer
n Kumudini Lakhia 12 Apr. Kathak dancer & choreographer
n Daripalli Ramaiah 12 Apr. Environmentalist
n Rasam Sahay Pande 8 Apr. Rai folk dance artist
n Rajyogini Dadi 8 Apr. Chief of Brahma Kumaris
Ishwariya Vishwa Vidyalaya
n Ravikumar 4 Apr. Actor
n Manoj Kumar 4 Apr. Veteran Bollywood actor
n Manoj Bharathiraja 25 Mar. Actor-Director
n George Foreman 21 Mar. American boxer
n Bindu Ghosh 16 Mar. Tamil actress
n Ramakant Rath 16 Mar. Famous odia poet
n Syed Abid Ali 12 Mar. Former indian cricketer
n Fred Stoll 5 Mar. Australian tennis players
n Mayadhar Raut 22 Feb. Odissi dancer
n Sukari Bombagaura 13 Feb. Kannada folk singer
n Satendra Das 12 Feb. Cheif Priest of Ram Temple
n Naveen Chawla 1 Feb. Former Chief Election Commissioner
n Latika Katt 25 Jan. Famous sculptor
n Dr. K. Ramachandran 18 Jan. Aerospace Engineer
n P. Jayachandran 9 Jan. Famous Singer
n R. Chidambaram 4 Jan. Architect, India's Nuclear Program
n Manmohan Singh 16 Dec. 14th Prime Minister of India
n Osamu Suzuki 25 Dec. Former Chairman of Suzuki Motor
n Shyam Benegal 23 Dec. Famous Director
n Om Prakash Chautala 20 Dec. Former CM of Haryana
n Ustad Zakir Hussain 15 Dec. Great Tabla player
n SM Krishna 10 Dec. Former CM of Karnataka
n Shashi Ruia 26 Nov. Chairman of Essar Group
n H.S. Bedi 21 Nov. Former Justice of Supreme Court
n Varadarakar Kamalarao 11 Nov. World Famous Mridangam Scholar
n Delhi Ganesh 9 Nov. Actor of Tamil films
n Harinder Singh Sodhi 9 Nov. Former Polo player of India
n Pandit Ram Narayan 8 Nov. Famous Sarangi player
n Sharda Sinha 5 Nov. Folk singer (Bihar Kokila)
n Rohit Bal 1 Nov. Famous Indian fashion designer
n Dr. Rohini Godbele 25 Oct. Renowned Physicist
n Atul Parchure 14 Oct. Famous Marathi Actor
n Ratan Tata 9 Oct. Chairman, Tata Group & Tata Sons
n Dr. Venugopal 8 Oct. Great Cardiac Surgeon
n Sitaram Yechury 12 Sep. General Secretary, CPI
n Salim Hoss 25 Aug. Former PM, Lebanon
n Girish Sahni 18 Aug. Former DG, CSIR
n Rakesh Pal 18 Aug. D.G of Indian Coast Guard
n Natwar Singh 10 Aug. Former Foreign Minister of India
n Susan Wojcicki 9 Aug. Former CEO, YouTubes
n BuddhadevBhattacharya 8 Aug. Former CM, West Bengal
n Graham Thorpe 5 Aug. Former England batsman
n Yamini Krishnamurthy 3 Aug. Bharatanatyam & Kuchipudi dancer
n Anshuman Gaekwad 31 July Former Indian cricketer
n Ismail Haniya 31 July Political head of Hamas
n Francis de Brito 25 July Marathi Writer
n Hamzah Haz 24 July Vice President, Indonesia
n Subhash Dandekar 15 July Founder of Camelin
n Aparna Vastare 11 July Kannada actress
n Robert Towne 1 July Screenwriter (Oscar winner)
n Smriti Biswas 3 July Actress
n Ismail Kadare 1 July Albanian novelist
n B. Singh Rawat 29 June Footballer
n Frank Duckworth 21 June English statistician
n M. C. Bhandare 15 June Former Governor, Odisha
n Harpal Singh Bedi 15 June Veteran sports journalist
n T.K. Chathuni 15 June Former football coach
n Rajeev Taranath 11 June Sarod player
n Amol Kale 10 June President, MCA
n Saulos Chilima 10 June Vice President of Malawi
n Ramoji Rao 8 June Founder of Ramoji Film City
n AJT Johnsingh 8 June Famous wildlife biologist
n Richard Sherman 25 May Lyricist
n Ebrahim Raisi 19 May President of Iran
n Naresh Mohan 16 May Ex. president, Newspaper Society
n Kamla Veniwal 15 May Former governor, Gujarat
n Malti Joshi 15 May Writer
n Alice Munro 13 May Writer
n Sushil Kumar Modi 13 May Former Deputy CM, Bihar
n Surjit Singh Patar 11 May Poet
n Sangeet Sivan 8 May Film producer
n Bernard Hill 5 May Actor
n Vinay Veer 1 May Journalist
n S. Dhareshwar 25 Apr. Yakshagana Artist
n Sudhir Kakkar 22 Apr. Father of Indian Psychology
n K. G. Jayan 16 Apr. Famous Carnatic Musician
n Derek Underwood 15 Apr. English cricketer
n O. J. Simpson 10 Apr. Former football star and actor
n Peter Higgs 08 Apr. British Physicist
n Vishveshwara Rao 2 Apr. Tamil Actor
n G. Gangu Ramsay 31 Apr. Film Producer and Director
n Lakshmi narayan 26 Mar. Tamil actor
n Kapildev Prasad 26 Mar. Handloom Artist
n Lama Lobzang 18 Mar. Buddhist Monk
Obituaries : 2024-25
Person Date Field
[ 16 ]
National Appointments : 2024-25
n Pinaki Chandra Ghosh - India’s first Lokpal
n General Bipin Rawat - India’s first Chief of Defence Staff
n Vishal V Sharma- India's Permanent Representative to UNESCO
n Vanessa Nakate - Goodwill Ambassador, UNICEF
n Amitabh Kant - Sherpa of G-20 from India
n Ayushman Khurana - National Ambassador, UNICEF
n Parvataneni Harish - India's Perment Representative to UN
n Parmar Ravi Manubhai - Chairman, BPSC
n Ajay Manikrao Khanwilkar - Lokpal of India
n PR Sreejesh - Coach, Junior Men's Hockey Team
n Morne Markle - India's Bowling Coach
n Vijaya Rahatkar- Chairperson, National Commission for Women
n Noel Tata - Chairman, Tata Trusts
n Sanjeev Khanna - 51st Chief Justice of India
n Vipin Kumar - Chairman, Airports Authority of India
n Ashish Khanna - President, International Solar Alliance (ISA)
n Sanjay Murthy - Comptroller and Auditor General of India
n Sanjay Malhotra - Governor, Reserve Bank of India (RBI
n V. Ramasubramanian - 9th Chairperson, NHRC
n Bhuvnesh Kumar - CEO, UIDAI
n V. Narayanan - Chief, ISRO
n Bahadur Singh Sagoo- President, Athletics Federation of India
n Justice Arun Mishra - Ombudsman and Ethics Officer, BCCI
n Gyanendra Pratap Singh - Director General, CRPF
n Rajesh Nirvana - DG, Bureau of Civil Aviation Security
n Vivek Joshi - Election Commissioner
n Vijender Gupta - Speaker, Delhi Legislative Assembly
n Monica Rani - Director, Department of Justice
n Shaktikanta Das - Principal, Secretary to Prime Minister
n Gyanesh Kumar - 26th Chief Election Commissioner
n Tuhin Kant Pandey - Chairman, SEBI
n Dr. Mayank Sharma- Controller General of Defence Accounts
n Atul Kumar Goel - CEO, Indian Banks Association
n Manan Kumar Mishra - President, Bar Council of India
n Anju Rathi Rana - India's first woman law secretary
n N Ganapathi Subramaniam- Chairman, Tata Communication
n Anuj Kumar Singh - Joint Secretary, UPSC
n Ajay Seth - Finance Secretary
n Rajiv Gauba - Full-time Member, NITI Aayog
International Appointments : 2024-25
n Padma Lakshmi - Goodwill Ambassador of UNDP
n Soumya Swaminathan - Chief Scientist of WHO
n Anshula Kant - CFO, World Bank
n Suman Kumari - First Hindu woman judge, Pakistan
n Joe Biden - President, America (46th)
n Kamala Harris - Vice President, America
n S. Ramchandra Gulwani- 1st Hindu woman civil servant, Pakistan
n Geeta Gopinath - 1st Deputy Managing Director, IMF
n Pierre-Olivier Gourinches - Chief Economist, IMF
n Indermeet Gill - Chief Economist, World Bank
n Dilma Rousseff - President, New Development Bank
n Brijendra Navneet - India's Permanent Representative to WTO
n Reuven Azar - Israel's Ambassador to India
n Gabriel Atal - Prime Minister, France (youngest)
n Simon Harris - Youngest Prime Minister, Ireland
n General Vakor Uz Zaman - Army Chief, Bangladesh
n Theo James - Global Goodwill Ambassador, UNHCR
n Claudia Sheinbaum - First Woman President, Mexico
n Rachel Reeves - First female Finance Minister, UK
n Aliya Neelam - First female Chief Justice, Pakistan
n Donald Trump - President, USA (47th)
n JD Vance - Vice-President, USA
n Marco Rubio - Secretary, United States
n Masato Kanda - 11th President, Asian Development Bank
n Mikheil Kavelashvili - President, Georgia
n Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah - First female President, Namibia
n Mohammad al-Basir - Interim Prime Minister, Syria
n John Dramani Mahama - President, Ghana
n Maia Sandu - President, Moldova
n Joseph Aoun - President, Lebanon
n Michael Martin - President, Minister, Ireland
n Nawaf Salam - Prime Minister, Lebanon
n Bart De Wever - Prime Minister, Belgium
n Kash Patel - Director, US investigative agency FBI
n Yuji Iwasawa - President, International Court of Justice
n Christian Stocker - Chancellor, Austria
n Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah - First woman president, Namibia
n Stuart Young - Prime Minister, Trinidad and Tobago
n Mark Carney - Prime Minister, Canada
n S A Botchwey - Secretary-General, Commonwealth
[ 17 ]
BASIC
Modi Cabinet 3.0
Cabinet Ministers
- Narendra Modi : Prime Minister of India; Ministry of Personel, Public Grievances and Pensions; Department of Atomic Energy; Department of Space; All important policy issues.
- Rajnath Singh : Ministry of Defence
- Amit Shah : Home Minister, Cooperation
- Nitin Jiaram Gadkari : Road Transport and Highways
- Nirmala Sitharaman : Finance; Corporate Affairs
- J. P. Nadda : Health and Family Welfare; Chemicals and Fertilizers
- Dr. S. Jaishankar : Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Shivraj Singh Chouhan : Agriculture and Farmers Welfare; Rural Development
- Manohar Lal : Housing and Urban Affairs; Ministry of Power
- Piyush Goyal : Ministry of Commerce and Industry
- Dharmendra Pradhan : Education Minister
- Pralhad Joshi : Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution; Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.
- H. D. Kumaraswamy : Ministry of Heavy Industries; Ministry of Steel
- Jitan Ram Manjhi : Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
- Rajiv Ranjan (alias Lalan Singh) : Ministry of Panchayati Raj; Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry Dairy
- Sarbananda Sonowal : Ports, Shipping and Waterways
- Dr. Virendra Kumar : Social Justice and Empowerment
- Jyotiraditya M. Scindia : Communications; Development of North Eastern Region
- Ashwini Vaishnaw : Railways; Electronics and Information Technology; Information and Broadcasting.
- Kijrapu R. Naidu : Ministry of Civil Aviation
- Juel Oram : Tribal Affairs
- Giriraj Singh : Textiles
- Bhupender Yadav : Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- Gajendra Singh Shekhawat : Culture and Tourism
- Smt. Annpurna Devi : Women, Health and Child Development
- Kiren Rijiju : Parliamentary Affairs, Minority Affairs
- Hardeep Singh Puri : Petroleum and Natural Gas
- Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya : Labour and Employment; Youth Affairs and Sports
- G. Kishan Reddy : Ministry of Coal; Ministry of Mines
- Chirag Paswan : Food Processing Industries
- CR Patil : Ministry of Jal Shakti
Ministers of State (Independent Charge)
- Rao Inderjit Singh : Statistics and Programme Implementation; Planning; Culture
- Dr. Jitendra Singh : Science and Technology; Earth and Space Sciences
- Arjun Ram Meghwal : Law and Justice; Parliamentary Affairs
- Jadhav Prataprao Ganpatrao : AYUSH; Health and Family Welfare
- Jayant Chaudhary : Skill Development & Entrepreneurship; Education
Ministers of State
- Jitin Prasad : Commerce and Industry, Information Technology
- Shripad Yesso Naik : Power; New and Renewable Energy
- Pankaj Chaudhary : Finance
- Krishan Pal : Cooperation
- Ramdas Athawale : Social Justice and Empowerment
- Ram Nath Thakur : Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
- Nityanand Rai : Home Affairs
- Anupriya Patel : Health and Family Welfare; Chemicals and Fertilizers
- V. Somanna : Jal Shakti; Railways
- Dr. Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani : Rural Development; Communications
- Prof. S. P. Singh Baghel : Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying; Panchayati Raj.
- Sushri Shobha Karandlaje : Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises; Labour and Employment.
- Kirtivardhan Singh : Environment, Forest and Climate Change; External Affairs.
- B. L. Verma : Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution; Social Justice and Empowerment.
- Shantanu Thakur : Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
- Shri Suresh Gopi : Petroleum and Natural Gas; Tourism.
- Dr. L. Murugan : Information and Broadcasting; Parliamentary Affairs.
- Ajay Tamta : Road Transport and Highways.
- Bandi Sanjay Kumar : Home Affairs.
- Kamlesh Paswan : Rural Development.
21. Shri Bhagirath Choudhary Minister of State in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare.
22. Shri Satish Chandra Dubey Minister of State in the Ministry of Coal; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Mines.
23. Shri Sanjay Seth Minister of State in the Ministry of Defence.
24. Shri Ravneet Singh Minister of State in the Ministry of Food Processing Industries; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways.
25. Shri Durgadas Uikey Minister of State in the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
26. Smt. Raksha Nikhil Khadse Minister of State in the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
27. Shri Sukanta Majumdar Minister of State in the Ministry of Education; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region.
28. Smt. Savitri Thakur Minister of State in the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
29. Shri Tokhan Sahu Minister of State in the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
30. Shri Raj Bhushan Choudhary Minister of State in the Ministry of Jal Shakti.
31. Shri Bhupathi Raju Srinivasa Varma Minister of State in the Ministry of Heavy Industries; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Steel.
32. Shri Harsh Malhotra Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
33. Smt. Nimuben Jayantibhai Bambhaniya Minister of State in the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution.
34. Shri Murlidhar Mohol Minister of State in the Ministry of Cooperation; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
35. Shri George Kurian Minister of State in the Ministry of Minority Affairs; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
36. Shri Pabitra Margherita Minister of State in the Ministry of External Affairs; and
Minister of State in the Ministry of Textiles.
n Bhagirath Choudhary Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
n Satish Chandra Dubey Coal and Mines
n Sanjay Seth Defence
n Ravneet Singh Food Processing Industries, Railways
n Durga Das Udke Tribal Affairs
n Raksha Nikhil Khadse Youth Affairs and Sports
n Smt. Savitri Thakur Women and Child Development
n Tokhan Sahu Housing and Urban Affairs
n Raj Bhushan Choudhary Jal Shakti
* Total Uumber of States -28, Number of Union Territories - 8 [ 18 ]
BASIC
States, Governors & Chief Ministers
Union Territories (8) South India Western Central Eastern North India North Eastern States
State Capital Estd. Governor / Administrator Chief Minister
| Name of the State/UT | Details |
|---|---|
| Andhra Pardesh | Capital : Amravati Established : 01 October 1953 Governor : Syed Abdul Nazeer Chief Minister : N. Chandrababu Naidu Region : South India Assembly Seats : 175 Rajya Sabha Seats : 11 Lok Sabha Seats : 25 |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Capital : Itanagar Established : 20 February 1987 Governor : Kaiwalya Trivikram Parnaik Chief Minister : Pema Khandu Region : North-East India Assembly Seats : 60 Rajya Sabha Seats : 1 Lok Sabha Seats : 2 |
| Assam | Capital : Dispur Established : 26 January 1950 Governor : Laxman Prasad Acharya Chief Minister : Hemant Biswa Sarma Region : North-East India Assembly Seats : 126 Rajya Sabha Seats : 7 Lok Sabha Seats : 14 |
| Bihar | Capital : Patna Established : 22 March 1912 Governor : Arif Mohammad Khan Chief Minister : Nitish Kumar Region : East India Assembly Seats : 243 Rajya Sabha Seats : 16 Lok Sabha Seats : 40 |
| Chhattisgarh | Capital : Raipur Established : 01 November 2000 Governor : Ramon Deka Chief Minister : Vishnu Deo Sai Region : Central India Assembly Seats : 90 Rajya Sabha Seats : 5 Lok Sabha Seats : 11 |
| Goa | Capital : Panaji Established : 30 May 1987 Governor : Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju Chief Minister : Pramod Sawant Region : South India Assembly Seats : 40 Rajya Sabha Seats : 1 Lok Sabha Seats : 2 |
| Gujarat | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Haryana | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Himachal pradesh | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Jharkhand | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Karnataka | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Kerala | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Madhya Pradesh | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Maharashtra | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Manipur | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Meghalaya | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Mizoram | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Nagaland | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Odisha | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Punjab | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Rajasthan | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Sikkim | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Tamil Nadu | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Telangana | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Tripura | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Uttar Pradesh | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Uttarakhand | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| West Bengal | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Andaman & Nicobar | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Chandigarh | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Delhi | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Jammu & Kashmir | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Lakshadweep | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Puducherry | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
| Ladak | Capital : Aaaaa Established : 00000 Governor : Aaaaa Chief Minister : Aaaa Region : Aaaaa Assembly Seats : Rajya Sabha Seats : Lok Sabha Seats : |
l Tripura Agartala 21 Jan. 1972 Indrasena Reddy Nallu Manik Saha
l Nagaland Kohima 01 Dec. 1963 La Ganesan Nephew Rio
l Manipur Imphal 21 Jan. 1972 Ajay Kumar Bhalla President's Rule
l Mizoram Aizawl 20 Feb. 1987 V K Singh Lalduhoma
l Meghalaya Shillong 21 Jan. 1972 C.H. Vijay Shankar Conrad Sangma
l Sikkim Gangtok 16 May 1975 Om Prakash Mathur Prem Singh Tamang
l Himachal Pradesh Shimla 25 Jan. 1971 Shiv Pratap Shukla Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu
l Uttarakhand Dehradun / 09 Nov. 2000 Lt. Gen. Gurmit Singh Puskar Singh Dhami
Gairsain
l Punjab Chandigarh - Gulab Chand Kataria Bhagwant Man
l Haryana Chandigarh 01 Nov. 1966 Bandaru Dattatreya Nayab Singh Saini
l Uttar Pradesh Lucknow 24 Jan. 1950 Anandiben Patel Yogi Adityanath
l Jharkhand Ranchi 15 Nov. 2000 Santosh Kumar Gangwar Hemant Soren
l West Bengal Kolkata 26 Jan. 1950 C. V. Ananda Bose Mamta Banerjee
l Odisha Bhubaneswar 01 Apr. 1936 Haribabu Kambhampati Mohan Charan Manjhi
l Madhya Pradesh Bhopal 01 Nov. 1956 Mangubhai Chhaganbhai Patel Dr. Mohan Yadav
l Rajasthan Jaipur 30 Mar. 1949 Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde Bhajan Lal Sharma
l Gujarat Gandhi Nagar 01 May 1960 Sri Acharya Devvrat Bhupendra Patel
l Maharashtra Mumbai 01 May 1960 C.P. Radhakrishnan Devendra Fadnavis
l Karnataka Bangalore 01 Nov. 1956 Thawar Chand Gehlot Siddaramaiah
l Kerala Thiruvan - 01 Nov. 1956 Rajendra Arlekar Pinarayi Vijayananthapuram
l Tamil Nadu Chennai 26 Jan. 1950 R. N. Ravi M.K. Stalin
l Telangana Hyderabad 02 Jun. 2014 Jishnu Dev Varma Rewant Reddy
l Jammu - Kashmir Srinagar/ 31 Oct. 2019 Manoj Sinha (Lt. Governor) Omar Abdullah
Jammu
l Ladakh Leh 31 Oct. 2019 B.D. Mishra (Lt. Governor) -
l Delhi New Delhi - Vinai Kumar Saxena (Lt. Governor) Rekha Gupta (9th)
l Puducherry Puducherry - K. Kailashnathan (Lt. Governor) N. Rangaswami
l Andaman and Shri Vijayapuram - Devendra Kumar Joshi (Lt. Governor) -
Nicobar Islands
l Chandigarh Chandigarh 01 Nov. 1966 Gulab Chand Kataria (Administrator) -
l Dadra, Daman 26 Jan. 2020 Praful Patel (Administrator) -
Nagar Haveli and
Daman-Diu -
l Lakshadweep Kavarati 01 Nov. 1956 Praful Patel (Additional Charge) -
[ 19 ]
BASIC
High Courts of India
High Courts are the highest judicial authority at the state level in India, functioning below the Supreme Court and above District Courts. They are established under Articles 214–231 of the Constitution of India, and as of now, the country has a total of 25 High Courts. The retirement age of a High Court judge is 62 years, and the head of each High Court is known as the Chief Justice. The first three High Courts in India—Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras—were established in 1862, marking the beginning of the modern Indian judiciary. In recent times, the 24th High Court, the Telangana High Court, was established in Hyderabad in 2019, and the 25th and newest High Court, the Andhra Pradesh High Court, was established in Amaravati in 2019.
1. Calcutta High Court: The Calcutta High Court, established in 1862, is seated at Kolkata and has jurisdiction over West Bengal and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. It operates without an official bench today. The current Chief Justice of the Calcutta High Court is T. S. Sivagnanam.
2. Bombay High Court: The Bombay High Court was established in 1862 with its principal seat in Mumbai. It has benches in Nagpur, Panaji, and Aurangabad. Its territorial jurisdiction covers Maharashtra, Goa, and the Union Territories of Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu. The present Chief Justice is Alok Aradhe.
3. Madras High Court: Established in 1862, the Madras High Court sits in Chennai with a bench at Madurai. It has jurisdiction over Tamil Nadu and Puducherry. The current Chief Justice is Manindra Mohan Srivastava.
4. Allahabad High Court: The Allahabad High Court, set up in 1866, has its principal seat at Prayagraj and a bench at Lucknow. It oversees jurisdiction in Uttar Pradesh. The present Chief Justice is Arun Bhansali.
5. Karnataka High Court: Established in 1884, the Karnataka High Court is located in Bengaluru and has benches at Dharwad and Gulbarga. It governs the state of Karnataka. Its current Chief Justice is Vibhu Bakhru.
6. Patna High Court: The Patna High Court was founded in 1916 with its seat in Patna and exercises jurisdiction over Bihar. It has no additional benches. The present Chief Justice is Vipul Manubhai Pancholi.
7. Gauhati High Court: Established in 1948 at Guwahati, the Gauhati High Court originally served multiple Northeast states. It now has benches in Kohima, Aizawl, and Itanagar. Its jurisdiction covers Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. The current Chief Justice is Ashutosh Kumar.
8. Orissa High Court: The Orissa High Court, established in 1948, is located in Cuttack and governs the state of Odisha. It has no benches. The present Chief Justice is Harish Tandon.
9. Rajasthan High Court: The Rajasthan High Court was set up in 1949 with its seat in Jodhpur and a bench in Jaipur. It has jurisdiction over the entire state of Rajasthan. The current Chief Justice is Kalpathi Rajendran Shriram.
10. Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh High Court: Established in 1928, this High Court has dual seats in Srinagar and Jammu. It covers the Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. The current Chief Justice is Arun Palli.
11. Madhya Pradesh High Court: Founded in 1956, the Madhya Pradesh High Court functions from Jabalpur with benches at Gwalior and Indore. It has jurisdiction over Madhya Pradesh. The present Chief Justice is Sanjeev Sachdeva.
12. Kerala High Court: Established in 1956, the Kerala High Court is seated in Kochi and covers the territories of Kerala and Lakshadweep. It has no benches. The current Chief Justice is Nitin Madhukar Jamdar.
13. Gujarat High Court: The Gujarat High Court was established in 1960 and operates from Ahmedabad, handling judicial matters for the state of Gujarat. The present Chief Justice is Sunita Agarwal.
14. Delhi High Court: Founded in 1966, the Delhi High Court is seated in New Delhi and exercises jurisdiction over the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Its current Chief Justice is Devendra K. Upadhyaya.
15. Punjab and Haryana High Court: This High Court, established in 1966, is located in Chandigarh and has jurisdiction over Punjab, Haryana, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The present Chief Justice is Sheel Nagu.
16. Himachal Pradesh High Court: Established in 1971, the Himachal Pradesh High Court functions from Shimla and oversees Himachal Pradesh. The current Chief Justice is Gurmeet Singh Sandhawalia.
17. Sikkim High Court: Founded in 1975, the Sikkim High Court sits in Gangtok and has jurisdiction over the state of Sikkim. The present Chief Justice is Vishwanath Somadder.
18. Chhattisgarh High Court: Established in 2000, the Chhattisgarh High Court is seated in Bilaspur and governs the state of Chhattisgarh. Its Chief Justice is Ramesh Sinha.
19. Uttarakhand High Court: The Uttarakhand High Court was founded in 2000, located at Nainital, and oversees judicial matters in Uttarakhand. The current Chief Justice is Guhanathan Narendra.
20. Jharkhand High Court: Established in 2000, the Jharkhand High Court sits in Ranchi and administers justice for the state of Jharkhand. The present Chief Justice is Tarlok Singh Chouhan.
21. Meghalaya High Court: Established in 2013, the Meghalaya High Court in Shillong has jurisdiction over the state of Meghalaya. The current Chief Justice is Indra Prasanna Mukerji.
22. Manipur High Court: Founded in 2013, the Manipur High Court is located in Imphal and has jurisdiction over Manipur. The present Chief Justice is M. Sundar.
23. Tripura High Court: The Tripura High Court, established in 2013, is seated in Agartala and governs Tripura. Its Chief Justice is MS Ramchandra Rao.
24. Telangana High Court: Established in 2019, the Telangana High Court is located in Hyderabad and covers the state of Telangana. The current Chief Justice is Aparesh Kumar Singh.
25. Andhra Pradesh High Court: The Andhra Pradesh High Court, created in 2019, is seated in Amaravati and has jurisdiction over Andhra Pradesh. The present Chief Justice is Dhiraj Singh Thakur.
Countries of World : Who, What, Where ?
Country Capital Currency Parliament President / King PM / Chancellor
| Name of the Country | Details |
|---|---|
| INDIA | Capital : New Delhi Currency : Rupee Parliament : Parliament President : Dropadi Murmu Prime Minister : Narendra Modi |
| Afghanistan | Capital : Kabul Currency : Afghan Afghani Parliament : Shora President : Hibatullah Akhundzada Prime Minister : Mullah Hasan Akhund |
| Bangladesh | Capital : Dhaka Currency : Taka Parliament : Jatiya Sansad President : Moh. Shahabuddin Chuppu Prime Minister : Muhammad Yunus |
| Bhutan | Capital : Thimphu Currency : Ngultrum Parliament : Tsogdu President : Jigme Khesar Namgal Wangchuk Prime Minister : Tshering Tobgay |
| Mayanmar | Capital : NayPyiTaw Currency : Qayat Parliament : Pyithu Hluttaw President : Min Aung Hlaing Prime Minister : U Nyo Saw |
| Nepal | Capital : Kathmandu Currency : Nepalese Rupee Parliament : National Panchayat President : Ramchandra Paudel Prime Minister : K.P. Sharma Oli |
| Pakistan | Capital : Islamabad Currency : Pakistani Rupee Parliament : National Assembly President/King : Asif Ali Zardari PM / Chancellor : Shahbaz Sharif |
| Russia | Capital : Moscow Currency : Ruble Parliament : People’s Congress President : Vladimir Putin Prime Minister : Mikhail Mishustin |
| Sri Lanka | Capital : Sri Jayawardene Kote Currency : Sri Lankan Rupee Parliament : Parliament President : Anura Kumara Dissanayake Prime Minister : Harini Amarasuriya |
| United States of America | Capital : Washington DC Currency : Dollar Parliament : Congress President : Donald Trump |
n China Beijing Renminbi People’s Congress Xi Jinping Li Qiang
n Maldives Male Maldivian Rufiyaa Majlis Mohammed Moizzu -
n Russia Moscow Ruble
n Saudi Arabia Riyadh Riyal Majlis-Al-Sura Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Mohammed bin Salman
n Australia Canberra Australian Dollar Parliament - Anthony Albanese
n Ukraine Kyiv Ukrainian hryvnia Verkhovna Rada Volodymyr Zelensky Denys Shmyhal
n Indonesia Nusantara Rupiah ** Prabowo Subianto -
n Brazil Brasilia Real National Congress Lula da Silva -
n Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar Parliament Charles-III Mark Carney
n Nitherland Amsterdam Gildar / Euro *** - Dick Schoof
n Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian Rupee National Assembly Prithviraj Singh Roopun Navin Ramgoolam
n Italy Rome Euro / Lira Parliament Sergio Mattarella Giorgia Meloni
n Egypt Cairo Egyptian Pound People’s Assembly Abdel Fateh Al-Sisi Moustafa Madbouly
n Sweden Stockholm Swedish Kronor Riksdag - Ulf Christerson
n France Paris Euro National Assembly Emmanuel Macron Francois Bayrou
n Germany Berlin Euro Bundestag Frank Walter Steinmeier Olaf Scholz
n Iran Tehran Toman Majlis Masoud Pezeshkian -
n Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Dinar National Assembly Abdul Latif Rashid Mustafa AI-Qadhimi
n Israel Jerusalem New Shekel The Knesset Isaac Herzog Benjamin Netanyahu
n Japan Tokyo Yen Diet - Shigeru Ishiba
n Lebanon Beirut Lebanese Pound National Assembly Joseph Aoun Najib Mikati
n South Korea Seoul Won National Assembly Yoon Suk-yeol Han Duck-soo
n Vietnam Hanoi Dong National Assembly Luong Cuong Pham Minh Chinh
n Britain London Pound Sterling Parliament Charles III Keir Starmer
n Norway Oslo Norwegian Dollar Storting Herald V (King) Jonas Gahr Store
[ 21 ]
First in India & World : 2023-25
- India's first Semiconductor Innovation Museum - Hyderabad
- India's first Mental Health Ambassador - Deepika Padukone
- First state to amend the Wildlife Act 1972 - Kerala
- India's first cheetah safari lunched - Kuno Nationl Park (MP)
- India's first slum-free city - Chandigarh
- India's first child marriage-free district - Balod (Chhattisgarh)
- India's first Integrated Oncology Research Centre - Goa
- First state in India to issue identity cards for Self-Help Groups (SHGs) - Tamil Nadu
- World's first AI-generated genome (a virus) was created by - Stanford University and the Arch Institute, USA
- Asia's first women's cancer treatment center - Apollo Athene (New Delhi)
- Bihar's first female FIDE Master - Mariam Fatima
- First government medical college to offer training on the Da Vinci robotic system - AIIMS, Delhi
- India's first PM Mitra Park was built - Madhya Pradesh
- World's first AI-generated minister, 'Diela' appointed in - Albania
- World's first digital tribal university was launched - New Delhi
- India's fourth fully literate state - Himachal Pradesh
- First G-7 country to recognize the state of Palestine - France
- India's first Al-powered tribal language translator - Adi Vani
- India's first fully digitally literate state - Kerala
- India's first AI powered Anganwadi launched - Maharashtra
- India's first grassland bird census - Kaziranga National Park
- First state to give agricultural status to livestock and poultry farming - Maharashtra
- First female fighter pilot of Indian Navy - Aastha Poonia
- India's first Aqua Tech Park - Asaam
- India's first transgender clinic - Hyderabad
- India's first butterfly sanctuary - Kerala
- First non-banking financial company in the maritime sector - Sagarmala Finance Corporation
- India's first state to implement 'Yoga Policy' - Uttarakhand
- First woman of CISF to climb Mount Everest - Geeta Samota
- First Indian to reach the International Space Station - Shubhanshu Shukla
- India's first female e-voter - Vibha Devi
- India's first green data center - Ghaziabad
- First state in India to start e-voting system - Bihar
- First woman Aide-de-Camp to President of India-Yashasvi Solanki
- First visually impaired woman to climb Mount Everest - Chongqing Angmo
- First fully literate state of India - Mizoram
- India's first quantum computing village - Amravati
- India's first floating ghat - Ayodhya
- Second state to implement Uniform Civil Code (UCC) - Gujarat
- India's first bank of install ATM in trains- Bank of Maharashtra
- First state to complete archaeological survey at village level - Karnataka
- First state to implement Uniform Civil Code - Uttarakhand
- World's longest expressway tunnel - Tianshan Shengli, China
- The 1st state to fully implement three criminal laws- Chandigarh
- Country's first border village to run on solar energy- Masali, Gujarat
- The country's first digital museum - Maharashtra
- First state to implement semiconductor policy - Gujarat
- Inauguration of India's first 'Writer's Village' - Uttarakhand
- Bihar government inaugurates state's first dry port- Bihta (Patna)
- First Indian to climb Mount Shishapangma - Arjun Bajpai
- First woman officer to take over as Director General of Armed Forces Medical Services - Vice Admiral Aarti Sareen
- India's first zoo with IGBC certification - Himachal's Bankhandi
- India's first oxygen bird park - Nagpur (Maharashtra)
- First woman pilot to fly Tajis fighter aircraft - Mohana Singh
- India's first vulture breeding centre - Gorakhpur (UP)
- Oldest Indian to swim across English Channel - Siddharth Agarwal
- First country to eradicate leprosy - Jordan
- Youngest swimmer to cross the English Channel - Jiya Raj
- The country's first Rice ATM - Bhavneshwar, Odisha
- Largest floating solar project in North India - Omkareshwar (MP)
- First state to implement the Unified Pension Scheme-Maharashtra
- Country's first transgender SI - Manvi Madhu Kashyap (Bihar)
- India's longest sea bridge - Atal Setu (Maharashtra, 21.8 km)
- The first person in the world to spend the longest time in space (1000 days) - Oleg Kononenko (Russia)
- World's largest wildlife rescue, rehabilitation and conservation center - Vanatara, Jamnagar (Gujarat)
- The first Indian astronaut to visit the International Space Station (ISS) - Shubhanshu Shukla
- First state to implement Uniform Civil Code - Uttarakhand
- World's longest expressway tunnel - Tianshan Shengli, China
- The First state to fully implement three criminal laws- Chandigarh
- Country's first border village to run on solar energy- Masali, Gujarat
- The country's first digital museum - Maharashtra
- First state to implement semiconductor policy - Gujarat
- Inauguration of India's first 'Writer's Village' - Uttarakhand
- Bihar government inaugurates state's first dry port- Bihta (Patna)
- First Indian to climb Mount Shishapangma - Arjun Bajpai
- First woman officer to take over as Director General of Armed Forces Medical Services - Vice Admiral Aarti Sareen
- India's first zoo with IGBC certification - Himachal's Bankhandi
- India's first oxygen bird park - Nagpur (Maharashtra)
- First woman pilot to fly Tajis fighter aircraft - Mohana Singh
- India's first vulture breeding centre - Gorakhpur (UP)
- Oldest Indian to swim across the English Channel - Siddharth Agarwal
- First country to eradicate leprosy - Jordan
- Youngest swimmer to cross the English Channel - Jiya Raj
- The country's first Rice ATM - Bhavneshwar, Odisha
- Largest floating solar project in North India - Omkareshwar (MP)
- First state to implement the Unified Pension Scheme-Maharashtra
- Country's first transgender SI - Manvi Madhu Kashyap (Bihar)
- India's longest sea bridge - Atal Setu (Maharashtra, 21.8 km)
- The first person in the world to spend the longest time in space (1000 days) - Oleg Kononenko (Russia)
- The First female helicopter pilot of Indian Navy- Anamika Rajeev
- The first country in South-East Asia to recognize gay marriage - Thailand
- India's first literary city - Kozhikode (Kerala)
- First country to lose all its glaciers - Venezuela
- First Indian space tourist to reach space - Gopi Thotakura
- World's first air-lift portable hospital - Bhishma
- Country's first Constitution Garden has been built in - Pune
- Youngest Indian to conquer Mount Everest- Kamya Karthikeyan
- Oldest India woman to conquer Mount Everest - Jyoti Ratre
- India's largest climate clock has been installed in - New Delhi
- World's largest telecom company - Reliance Jio
- World's first Om shaped temple - Pali district, Rajasthan
- First stadium to use hybrid pitch technology - Dharamshala
- First private bank to open branch in Lakshadweep - HDFC Bank
- First country in Asia with a four-day workweek - Singapore
- First country in world to introduce Meningitis vaccine - Nigeria
- First Indian tourist to travel to space - Gopi Thotakura
- Country's first underwater metro launched - Kolkata
- First female sniper of BSF - Suman Kumari
- India's first driverless metro train launched - Bengaluru
- World's first 3D-printed mosque unveiled - Saudi Arabia
- India's first Ayurvedic Cafe - New Delhi
- India's first 'Skill India Centre' inaugurated- Sambalpur, Odisha
- First state to implement semiconductor policy - Gujarat
- First state to conduct traffic audit - Bihar
- First state to introduce Uniform Civil Code Bill - Uttarakhand
- Record for most time spent in space- Oleg Kononenko (Russia)
- The first European country to accept India's flag - France
- First woman Subedar of Indian Army - Preeti Rajak (MP)
- Second state to start caste census - Andhra Pradesh
- India's first solar powered boat launched - Saryu River
- India's first 100% electric bike taxi launched - Assam
- First UT to implement PM Vishwakarma Yojana - J&K
- India's first girls' Sainik School started - Mathura (U.P.)
- Country's first dark sky park - Pench Tiger Reserve
- 1st state to make a scheme for orphan children - Himachal Pradesh
- Country's first AI City will be built - Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh)
- The first woman medical officer to be posted at an 'operational post' in Siachen Glacier - Captain Fatima Wasim
- First Indian women to operate a rover on Mars - Dr. Akshata Krishnamurthy
- First women medical officer posted in Siachen - Geetika Kaul
- First South Asian country to register same-sex marriage- Nepal
- First PM to fly indigenous fighter aircraft 'Tejas'- Narendra Modi
- The fist state to do color coding of stamp paper - Punjab
MoUs Signed in the Year : 2024-25
- To strengthen operational partunerships between armed forces India and Australia October 2025
- To produce green hydrogen mass from rice IISc Bengaluru and Punjab October 2025
- To cooperate on a joint lending arrangement India and Japan October 2025
- MoU on Defence Cooperation India and Morocco Septemebr 2025
- For promoting investment and protecting investors India and Israel Septemebr 2025
- For exploration and development of minerals Oil India and HCL Septemebr 2025
- To promot cross-border payments Mastercard and Infosys Septemebr 2025
- To enhance maritime security and safety cooperation India and UAE August 2025
- To promote drone technology for defence Assam Rifles and IIT Manipur August 2025
- To strengthen cooperation in the areas of fisheries and aquaculture India and Maldives July 2025
- To enhance cooperation in the areas of trade, health and payments India and Namibia July 2025
- To strengthen cooperation in culture, health & standardization India and Ghana June 2025
- To enable UPI services for cross-border payments India and Cyprus June 2025
- To enhance cooperation in the energy sector India and Denmark May 2025
- To develop cross-border power transmission infrastructure India and Nepal May 2025
- For co-operation in the field of scientific research India and Italy April 2025
- For enhancing judcial cooperation between Supreme Courts India and Nepal April 2025
- For disaster management and cultural exchange India and Chile April 2025
- To promote cooperation in water sanitation and health sector India and Nepal March 2025
- To promote defence and trade relations India and New Zealand March 2025
- To strengthen cooperation in lithium exploration and mining India and Argentina February 2025
- Agreement on Non-Basmati White Rice Trade India and Indonesia January 2025
- For deep tech innovation, digital skill development Govt. Andhra Pradesh and IIT Madras January 2025
- For providing protection to Maharashtra coasts and riverbanka Govt of India & Asian Development Bank January 2025
- Agreement for Establishment of Joint Commission for Cooperation India and Kuwait December 2024
- Agreement for Electric Propulsion Systems for Indian Navy India and UK December 2024
- Agreement on Defence Cooperation and Military Relations India and Algeria November 2024
- Agreement to enhance cooperation in audit India and Seychelles November 2024
- Agreement on Rail Transport, Customs and Investments India and Spain October 2024
- Agreement on conducting biotechnology experiments in space station ISRO and DBT October 2024
- Agreement on Labour Mobility and Skills Recognition India and Germany October 2024
- Agreement for semiconductors, digital technologies and health India and Singapore September 2024
- Agreement to enhance MSME cooperation India and US August 2024
- Agreement for LNG infrastructure and power development India and Sri Lanka August 2024
- Agreement for Global Traditional Medicine Centre WHO and India August 2024
- Agreement for Green Ammonia Export India and Japan August 2024
- Agreement in the field of agricultural medicine and cultural cooperation India and Ukraine August 2024
- To develop maritime heritage complex at Lothal, Gujarat India and Vietnam August 2024
- Agreement for organic products Indian and Taiwan July 2024
- One District One Product Agreement for stakeholders Bharat-Pay and Invest India July 2024
- For hydrogen fuel cell bus Indian Army and IOCL June 2024
- To enhance road safety using AI NHAI and IIT Delhi June 2024
- To buy F-16 fighter jets Turkey and US June 2024
- To promote agricultural skills MSDE and Australia June 2024
- To manage Chabahar Port India and Iran May 2024
- To develop interceptor of hypersonic missile Japan and US May 2024
- To test the safety of AI model US and UK April 2024
- To advance sustainable human exploration NASA and Japan April 2024
- To advance renewable energy in India Apple and CleanMax April 2024
- To promote use of local currencies RBI and Bank Indonesia March 2024
- To promote Ayurveda AYUSH Ministry and Thailand March 2024
- For collaboration in the field of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence NPCII and IISc Bangalore March 2024
- To strengthen Fintech eco system in India Government of India and ADB March 2024
- To facilitate cross border currency transactions India and Nepal February 2024
Mobile Apps & Portals
- Kayaka Setu Portal Karnataka To provide employment to youth.
- Gaja Rakshak App Madhya Pradesh To address the growing challenge of human-elephant conflict.
- Gyan Bharatam Portal Ministry of Culture To digitize and preserve the country's rich manuscript heritage.
- Kapas Kisan App Union Ministry of Textiles To streamline the procurement of coutton from farmers.
- ECINET App Election Commission of India To make voting date public in a quick and transparent manner.
- Pratibha Setu Portal UPSC To provide employment opportunities to meritorious candidates who are not finally selected in the UPSC.
- Pravah Portal Reserve Bank of India To stremaline, digitize and make regulatory processes more transparent.
- UMEED Portal Central Government To promote better management and transparency of Waqf properties across the country.
- 'RailOne' Super App Indian Railway to provide services like ticket booking, live train status, seat availability, PNR status, platform number information and catering on a single platform.
- 'Sachet' App National Disaster Management To keep people alert about natural disasters.
- Al Chatbot 'Sarathi' Haryana Government To ease public access to government policies.
- e-SEHAT App Jammu-Kashmir (Health Dept.) To make healthcare services accessible and more effective for the people of the state.
- RISE App Uttar Pradesh Government To improve routine immunization of children.
- SwaRail App Ministry of Railways A super app to integrate all railway services on a single platform.
- RBIDATA Portal Reserve Bank of India To provide access to economic and financial data.
- 'Mitra' Portal SEBI Through which investors can track their investements in mutual funds.
- Samman Sanjivani Haryana Govt. To track benefits of Mahila and Kishori Samman Yojana.
- Bharatpol Portal Home Minister Amit Shah To catch fugitives (a portal of CBI).
- SCAN Portal Consumer & Food Ministry To modernize the public distribution system in the country.
- Eklavya Portal Indian Army To modernize officers and prepare them for war.
- Anna Darpan Portal Food Corporation of India To modernize its supply chain management system.
- Saksham App Election Commission of India To facilitate voting from home for persons above 85 years of age.
- VISION Portal Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh To promote skill development among underprivileged children.
- Sugam App Chhattisgarh Govt. To make the process of property registration more transparent.
- Sankalan App National Investigation Agency It is a collection of new criminal laws by the National Crime Bureau (NCRB).
- Jagruti App Department of Consumer Affairs To protect consumers from dark patterns during online activities.
- Meri Panchayat App Ministry of Panchayati Raj This will provide daily updates about rainfall, wind speed, cloudiness.
- Lokpath Mobile App PM CM Mohan Yadav In this, a person can take a photo of broken roads and complain to the PWD.
- Citizen Sentinel App Kerala Government To monitor traffic rule violations.
- Ek Ped Maa ke Naam Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia To celebrate his contribution towards environmental sustainability and his bond with mother.
- Nivahika web portal NIT Calicut For data management.
- Haati App Government of Assam To reduce human-elephant conflicts and resultant deaths.
- Nirman Portal Coal India Limited Rs 1 lakh will be given to the candidates who qualify the Civil Services Preliminary Examination.
- 'Sangyana' App Railway Protection Force To give information about three new criminal acts.
- Upasthiti portal Jharkhand (Health Department) To ensure daily attendance of Doctors, Medical Staff and Employees.
- 'Saarthi 2.0' App SEBI To simplify complex financial concepts.
- 'Pravah' Portal Reserve Bank of India For transactions of government securities.
- Booth Raabta Portal Punjab Government To provide election related information among voters.
- 'Sarathi' Portal Agriculture Min. Arjun Munda To provide comprehensive structure for insurance products including Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme.
- 'C-CARES' portal Coal Minister Prahlad Joshi To digitalize records of Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation.
- Chaupal App Sandeep Bansal Bhojpuri's first OTT app.
- Anuvadini App Central Government To promote multilingualism in education.
- Money2India App ICICI Bank To enhance customer experience.
- Sambhav App Indian Army forces To enable the army to take better decisions.
- Bhoomi Rashi Portal Transport and Highways Ministry To accelerate highway infrastructure development projects in India.
Bharat Ratna : 2024
The Bharat Ratna is India's highest civilian award, instituted in 1954 to honor individuals for exceptional service of the highest order in any field. Awarded for contributions to the nation in areas like arts, literature, science, and public service, the criteria were expanded in 2011 to include any field of human endeavor. The award consists of a medallion and a certificate signed by the President, though it does not include a monetary grant.- Purpose: To recognize individuals for their exceptional service and the highest order of performance in any field.
- Eligibility: All persons, regardless of race, occupation, position, or sex, are eligible. Non-Indian citizens have also been recipients.
- Award specifics: The award is a medallion in the shape of a peepal leaf, inscribed in Hindi with the words "Bharat Ratna". It is accompanied by a certificate (Sanad) signed by the President of India. There is no monetary grant associated with the award. Recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.
- Nomination process: The Prime Minister makes recommendations to the President of India.
- Historical context: The award was first given in 1954 to C. Rajagopalachari, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and C. V. Raman. In 2011, the scope of the award was broadened from the initial fields of art, literature, science, and public service to include any field of human endeavor.
- Bharat Ratna 2024: With the announcement that the Indian government will confer the Bharat Ratna upon five eminent personalities—Karpoori Thakur (Public Affairs), Lal Krishna Advani (Public Affairs), Chaudhary Charan Singh (Public Affairs), P. V. Narasimha Rao (Public Affairs), and M. S. Swaminathan (Science)—the total number of recipients of India's highest civilian honor has reached 53.
1. Karpoori Thakur (Posthumous) Field: Social Justice and Politics
- Explanation: Popularly known as "Jan Nayak" (People's Leader).
- Served twice as the Chief Minister of Bihar and from 1970-71 and 1977-79 and was the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar from 1967-68.
- Key focus was on the empowerment of backward classes and marginalized communities.
- Implemented significant reservation policies in Bihar for backward classes, which had a lasting impact on social equality in the state.
- Known for his simple lifestyle and commitment to socialist ideals.
- Explanation: A prominent founding member and veteran leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
- Served as India's Deputy Prime Minister and Union Home Minister, and the Prime Ministerial candidate of BJP in 2009.
- Recognized for his extensive contributions to shaping Indian politics and reinforcing democratic principles.
- His political career spans several decades, marked by key leadership roles and foundational contributions to a major national party.
- His autobiographical book is My Country, My Life. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 2015.
- Explanation: Served as the 9th Prime Minister of India (1991-1996).
- Known as the "Father of Indian Economic Reforms."
- His government initiated the widespread economic liberalization policies of 1991, which dismantled the 'License Raj' and opened up the Indian economy to the world.
- This transformative action is widely credited with kick-starting India's rapid economic growth.
- 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts were implemented during the tenure of P.V. Narasimha Rao.
- Explanation: Served as the 5th Prime Minister of India.
- A prominent leader and strong advocate for the rights of farmers and rural India.
- Known as the "Champion of India's Peasants."
- National Farmers Day is celebrated on his birth anniversary on 23 December.
- His political life was dedicated to implementing land reforms and advocating for policies that improved the lives of the agricultural community.
- His burial place is known as Kisan Ghat.
- Explanation: An internationally acclaimed agronomist and agricultural scientist.
- Recognized as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India."
- His pioneering work involved developing high-yield variety seeds and modern farming techniques.
- These efforts were crucial in transforming India from a food-deficient nation into a self-sufficient one, ensuring national food security.
- Swaminathan received many prestigious awards, including the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (1961), Ramon Magsaysay Award (1971) and Albert Einstein World Science Award. Along with this, he was also honored with Padmashree (1967), Padma Bhushan (1972), Padma Vibhushan (1989).
Joint Military Exercise : 2024-25
- The 11th edition of the "Mitra Shakti-2025" joint military exercise between the Indian and Sri Lankan Armies concluded on November 23, 2025, in Belagavi, Karnataka.
- The naval forces of the Quad countries—India, America, Japan and Australia—recently concluded the Malabar 2025 exercise, a nine-day maritime drill conducted in and around Guam, America from November 10 to 18, 2025.
- The Indian Armed Forces recently concluded their large-scale, multi-domain tri-services exercise 'Trishul', which featured extensive coordinated operations involving the Army, Navy, and Air Force across the Thar Desert of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and the North Arabian Sea from 30th October to 10th November 2025.
- VARUNA 2025 was a bilateral naval exercise between the Indian and French Navies held in the Arabian Sea from March 19-22, 2025.
VINBAX India-Vietnam Hanoi Army
JAIMEX Exercise 2025 India-Japan West of Japan Navy
5th 'Samudra Shakti' Ex. 2025 India-Indonesia Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Navy
1st IN-RoKN Ex. 2025 India-South Korea Busan Navl Base, South Korea Navy
4th 'Austrahind' Ex. 2025 India-Australia Perth, Australia Army
'Indra' Ex. 2025 India-Russia Mahajan Field Firing Range, Rajasthan Army
'Konkan 2025' Ex. 2025 India-UK Off the west coast of India Navy
Pacific Reach (XPR 2025) Multinational Singapore (India's INS Nistar participated) Navy
Freedom Edge Ex. 2025 S. Korea, United States, Japan South Korea Army
SIAM India Ex. 2025 India-Thailand Pattaya, Thailand Air Force
ZAPAD Ex. 2025 Multinational Russia and Belarus Army
21st Yudh Abhyas '2025 India-US Alaska, United States Army
Bright Star Ex. 2025 Multinational Egypt Army
14th Maitri '2025 India and Thailand Umroi (Meghalaya) Army
12th SLINEX Ex. 2025 India-Sri Lanka Colombo, Sri Lanka Navy
'Ja Mata' Exercise 2025 India-Japan Chennai coast Navy
'Samanvay Shakti' Exercise 2025 Indian Army Assam and Manipur Army
'Sustainable Power 1404' Ex 2025 Iran Gulf of Oman and North Indian Ocean Army
14th 'Bold Kurukshetra' 2025 India-Singapore Jodhpur Army
'Prachand Shakti' Exercise 2025 Indian Army Technical Display by Ram Division at Kharg Field, Meerut Army
32nd SIMBEX Ex. 2025 India-Singapore Singapore Navy
PASSEX Ex. 2025 India-Greece Navy Near Mumbai in Arabian Sea Navy
'BALTOPS' Exercise 2025 By NATO Baltic Sea region Army
8th 'Shakti' Exercise 2025 India-France Camp Larzac, La Cavalerie, France Army
1st 'Tiger Claw' Exercise 2025 India-America at Many places in North India Army
22nd 'Khan Quest' Exercise 2025 Multinational Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Army
17th 'Nomadic Elephant' Ex. 2025 India-Mongolia Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Army
'Teesta Prahar' Exercise 2025 Indian Army Teesta Field Firing Range, West Bengal Army
'Desert Flag-10' 2025 Multinational UAE Air Force
6th 'Dustlik’ Exercise 2025 India-Uzbekistan Aundh (Pune) Army
4th 'Tiger Triumph' 2025 India-America Visakhapatnam and Kakinada (A. P.) Navy
14th 'Indra 2025' Exerise India-Russia Chennai coast and Bay of Bengal Navy
'Prachand Prahar' Ex. 2025 Indian-Armies Arunachal Pradesh Army
n 14th Indra 2025 India-Russia Chennai coast and Bay of Bengal Navy
n INIOCHOS-25 Multinational Hellenic (Greece) Air Force
n Dustlik’ 2025 India-Uzbekistan Aundh (Pune) Army
n Tiger Triumph 2025 India-America Visakhapatnam and Kakinada (A. P.) Navy
n 'Prachand Prahar' Ex. 2025 Indian-Armies Arunachal Pradesh Army
n 'Aikeyme' Ex. 2025 India-Tanzania India Ocean Navy
n 12th 'Khanjar' Ex. 2025 India-Kyrgyzstan Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) Army
n 'Tropex' Ex. 2025 Indian Navy Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal Navy
n 23rd 'Varuna' Ex. 2025 India-France Arabian Sea Navy
n 'Sea Dragon' Ex. 2025 Multinational Guam Coast (Western Pacific Ocean) Navy
n 6th 'Dharma Guardian' Ex 2025 India-Japan Mount Fuji (Japan) Army
n 3rd 'Cyclone' Ex 2025 India-Egypt Rajasthan Army
n 13th 'Ekuverin' Ex 2025 India-Maldives Maafilafushi (Maldives) Navy
n 18th 'Surya Kiran' Ex. 2025 India-Nepal Saljhandi (Nepal) Army
n 11th SLINEX Ex. 2024 India-Sri Lanka Viasakhapatnam Navy
n 'Desert Knight' 2024 India-France and UAE Over Arabian Sea Air Force
n CINBAX-1 Ex. 2024 India-Cambodia Pune Army
n 'Harimau Shakti' 2024 India-Malaysia Bentong Camp (Malaysia) Army
n 9th 'Garuda Shakti' 2024 India-Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia Army
n 13th 'Agni Warrior' 2024 India-Indonesia Maharashtra Army
n 5th 'VINBAX' 2024 India-Vietnam Ambala and Chandimandir, Haryanan Army
n 3rd 'Austrahind' Ex. 2024 India-Australia Pune, Maharashtra Army
n 15th 'Vajra Prahar' Ex. 2024 India-US Indonesia Army
n 9th 'Garuda Shakti' Ex. 2024 India-Indonesia Idaho Army
n 31th SIMBEX-2024 India-Singapore Visakhapatnam Navy
n 'Naseem-Al-Bahr' Ex. 2024 India-Oman Goa Navy
n Malabar Ex. 2024 India, Australia, Japan, USA Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) Navy
n 8th KAZIND Ex. 2024 India-Kazakhstan Surya Foreign Training Node, Uttarakhand Army
n 5th 'Al Najah' 2024 India-Oman Salalah, Oman Army
n 20th 'Yudh Abhyas' 2024 India-USA Mahajan Field Firing Range (Rajasthan) Army
n 10th 'Mitra Shakti' Ex. 2024 India-Sri Lanka Maduroya, Southern Province of Sri Lanka Army
n Ulchi Freedom Shield Ex. 2024 South Korea-USA - Army
n 'Udaar Shakti' 2024 India-Malaysia Kuantan, Malaysia Air Force
n 21st 'Khaan Quest' 2024 Multinational Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Army
n 16th Nomadic Elephant-2024 India-Mongolia Umroi (Meghalaya) Army
n 13th Maitri Ex. 2024 India-Thailand Umroi (Meghalaya) Army
n HOPEX 2024 India-Egypt Egypt Air Force
n 1st 'Freedom Edge' Ex. 2024 South Korea-US-Japan Jeju Island, South Korea Army
n 8th JIMEX-2024 India-Japan Yokosuka (Japan) Navy
n Red Flag Ex. 2024 Multinational Alaska (United States) Air Force
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BASIC
Lok Sabha Elections 2024 & Assembly Elections 2025
Following the Election Commission of India's announcement on March 16, 2024, the 18th Lok Sabha elections took place across the country in Seven phases between April 19 and June 1, 2024. The results were announced on June 4, 2024, revealing that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) secured 240 seats, while the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won a combined total of 293 seats. The Congress Party achieved 99 seats, and their coalition, the INDIA alliance, secured 234 seats. Other parties and independent candidates accounted for the remaining seats. Concurrently, assembly elections for four states—Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh—were also held.Exam-Useful Facts of Lok Sabha Elections 2024
- Lok Sabha Elections-2024 Ranking - 18th
- Elections were held for - 543 Seats (State-524, UT-19)
- Election Commission tagline - Chunav Ka Parv, Desh Ka Garv (Festival of Election, Pride of the Nation)
n Election Commission's national icon - Sachin Tendular
n Election Commission's youth icon - Ayushman Khurana
n Election Commission's Divyaang icon - Sheetal Devi
n Current number of seats in Lok Sabha - 545
n
n Number of seats for absolute majority - 272
n Total number of registered voters - 96.8 crore
n Number of male and female voters - 49.7 and 47.1 crore
n Number of voters participating in the election - 64.2 crore
n Number of female voters participating in the election - 31.2 crore
n Current voter sex ration of India - 948
n Total percentage of voting - 65.79%
n Apps released by Election Commission - VHA, CVigiL, KYC
n Portals released by Election Commission - Suvidha
n Number of women MPs elected in 18th Lok Sabha - 74
n Number of MPs elected for the first time - 280
n Out of 53 ministers, how many emerged victory - 35
n Highest percentage of voting - Lakshadweep (84%)
n Least percentage of voting - Bihar (56%)
n NOTA got the highest votes - Indore (2.18 lakh)
n Narendra Modi's swearing in as Prime Minister - June 9, 2024
n Heads of how many countries attended the swearing ceremony-7
n Total number of parties elected in 18th Lok Sabha - 41
n MP elected unopposed - Mukesh Dalal (BJP, from Surat seat)
n Youngest tribal woman to become MP - Priyanka Jarkiholi
n Won by the highest margin of votes - Shankar Lalwani
n Won by the lowest margin of votes- Ravindra Dataram Waikar
n Youngest MP - Pushpendra Saroj (Kaushambi seat, 25 years)
n Oldest MP - Thalaikottai Rajuthevar Balu (DMK, 82 years)
n Won the only seat in Ladakh - Haji Hanifa (Independent)
Most important seats and winners:
Seat Winner
Varanasi - Narendra Modi
Gandhinagar - Amit Shah
Lucknow - Rajnath Singh
Amethi - Kishori Lal Sharma
Rae Bareli - Rahul Gandhi
Wayanad - Rahul Gandhi
Party wise results and percentage of votes (%)
Party Seat % Party Seat % Party Seat %
BJP 240 36.56 JDU 12 1.25 RJD 4 1.57
Cong. 99 21.19 SHSUBT 9 1.48 CPI (M) 4 1.76
SAPA 37 4.58 NCP (SP) 8 0.92 AAP 3 1.11
AITC 29 4.37 Shivsena 7 1.15 HAM (S) 1 36.5
DMK 22 1.82 Lojpa 5 0.44 NCP 1 0.32
TDP 16 1.98 YSRCP 4 2.06 AIMIM 1 0.22
Seat Winner
Ayodhya - Awadhesh Prased
Mandi - Kangana Ranaut
Nagina - Chandrashekhar Ravan
Kannauj - Akhilesh Yadav
Meerut - Arun Govil
Baharampur - Yusuf Pathan
Bihar Assembly Elections 2025
The 2025 Bihar Assembly elections concluded with a
massive victory for the National Democratic Alliance (NDA),
winning 202 out of 243 seats, which is much more than the
majority figure of 122. BJP emerged as the largest party with 89
seats, with JD(U) at the second position with 85 seats. In contrast,
the Mahagathbandhan led by RJD and Congress got a total of
only 34 seats, which shows a huge decline compared to the
previous performance.
Election results at a glance
NDA
Bharatiya Janata Party : 89 seats
Janata Dal (United) : 85 seats
Lok Janshakti Party (Ramvilas) : 19 seats
Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular)-HAMS : 5 seats
Rashtriya Lok Morcha : 4 seats
Mahagathbandhan
Rashtriya Janata Dal : 25 seats
Indian National Congress) : 6 seats
CPI (ML) Liberation : 2 seats
CPI (M) : 1 seat
Indian Inclusive Party : 1 seat
Others
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen : 5 seats
Bahujan Samaj Party : 1 seat
Odisha Assembly Elections 2024
Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections 2024
Sikkim Assembly Elections 2024
Arunachal Pradesh Assembly Elections 2024
International Organization
United Nations Organization (UNO)
The United Nations Organization (UNO) is an international organization established on October 24, 1945, in San Francisco. Its primary goals include maintaining international peace and security, fostering friendly relations between nations, and promoting social progress, improved living standards, and human rights. Headquartered in New York City (US), the UN consists of 193 member states (193rd Member-South Sudan) and is structured around six main organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the International Court of Justice (located in The Hague), the Secretariat (headed by the Secretary-General), and the Trusteeship Council, which is currently inactive. The UN system also encompasses various specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the World Bank, which address global challenges ranging from climate change to sustainable development, including the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. The current UN Secretary-General is António Guterres, the ninth to hold the position.International Labour Organization (ILO): The International Labour Organization (ILO), a United Nations agency, was established in 1919 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The current Director-General is Gilbert Houngbo. The organization comprises 187 member states, with Tonga being the most recent addition as the 187th member. The ILO's primary mandate is to advance social justice and promote decent work conditions by setting international labour standards and providing technical assistance to its members.
INTERPOL: Interpol, established in 1923 and headquartered in Lyon, France, facilitates global police cooperation. At present led by Secretary General Valdecy Urquiza, it has 196 member countries (most recently Kiribati), using its advanced communication systems to help nations combat transnational crime effectively, such as terrorism, cybercrime, and human trafficking.
Commonwealth: The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of 56 independent countries, most with historic links to the British Empire, established by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and formalized by the 1949 London Declaration. Headquartered in London, UK, its current Secretary-General is Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey. The Maldives was the 54th country to re-join in February 2020 after a prior withdrawal, with Gabon and Togo joining in 2022 to reach the current total.
International Monetary Fund: The International Monetary Fund (IMF), established in 1945 and headquartered in Washington D.C., is an organization of 191 member countries that works to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, and reduce poverty. At present led by Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva, it provides financial assistance and policy advice to countries facing economic distress. The newest member is Liechtenstein, which joined on October 21, 2024, not Andorra, which joined in 2020.
World Bank: The World Bank was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Conference and is headquartered in Washington D.C. At present led by President Ajay Banga, it consists of 189 member countries, with Nauru joining as the 189th member in 2016. The Bank's mission is to reduce poverty and promote prosperity in developing nations by providing financial and technical assistance.
Organizations Estd. Headquarters President/Gen. Secretary Members
n Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 1945 Rome (Italy) Qu Dongue 197
n International Court of Justice (ICJ) 1945 Hague, Nitherland President - Yuji Iwasawa 194
n UNESCO 1945 Paris (France) Audrey Azaulay 195
n UNICEF 1946 New York Head-Catherine Russell 191
n World Health Organization (WHO) 1948 Geneva Tedros Adhanom 194
n OECD 1961 Paris (France) Mathias Cormann (G.S) 37 (37th member - Colambia)
n NATO 1949 Brussels Mark Rutte (G.S) 32 (32th member - Sweden)
n UNHCR 1950 Geneva Filippo Grandi (H.C) 135
n European Union (EU) 1958 Brussels Ursula von der Leyen 27 (Britain is not a member of EU)
n OPEC 1960 Vienna (Austria) Haitham Al-Ghais 13 (Qatar & Ecuador is out now)
n Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) 1961 Jakarta Ilham Aliyev 120
n Amnesty International 1961 London (UK) Agnes Calmard (G.S) 150
n UNCTAD 1964 Geneva Rebecca Greenspan (G.S.) -
n UNDP 1965 New York Achim Steiner -
n Asian Development Bank (ADB) 1966 Manila Head-Masato Kanda 69 (89th Member - Israel)
n New Development Bank (NDB) 2014 Shanghai (China) Dilma Rousseff 9 (9th Member - Egypt)
n ASEAN 1967 Jakarta Lim Jock Hoi (G.S) 11 (11th Member - East Timor)
n SAARC 1985 Kathmandu Md. Golam Sarwar (G.S) 8 (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka)
n G-15 1989 Geneva - 17 (Developing countries)
n APEC 1989 Singapore Prayut Chan-o Wongsuwan 21 (21st Member - Vietnam)
n United Nations Human Rights Council 2006 Geneva Federico Villegas 47
n World Trade Organization (WTO) 1995 Geneva Nagoji Okonjo-Evela 164 (164th Member-Afghanistan)
n ASEM 1996 Brusels - 53
n BIMSTEC 1997 Dhaka Shahidul Islam (G.S) 7
n Shanghai Cooperation Org. (SCO) 2001 Bijing Zhang Ming (G.S.) 10 (10th Member - Belarus)
n International Criminal Court (ICC) 2002 Hague, Nitherland Piotr Hofmanski 124 (124th Member - Malaysia)
n African Union (AU) 2002 Addis Ababa Felix Antoine Tshedky 55
n IBSA 2004 Lugano (Swit.) - 3 (India, Brazil, South Africa)
n BRICS 2008 Shanghai (China) Sergei Ryabkov 10
n International Solar Alliance (ISA) 2015 Gurugram DG - Ashish Khanna 104th full member – Armenia
National & International Summits : 2024-25
G-20 Summit
The G20 Summit is held annually, under the leadership of a rotating Presidency. The G20 initially focused largely on broad macroeconomic issues, but it has since expanded its agenda to inter-alia include trade, sustainable development, health, agriculture, energy, environment, climate change, and anti-corruption.19th G20 Summit, 2024: Important Facts
- The G20 comprises 19 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, and the United States), the European Union, and since 2023, the African Union.
- Dates: November 18–19, 2024.
- Host Country: Brazil.
- Venue: Museum of Modern Art, Rio de Janeiro.
- Theme: "Building a Just World and a Sustainable Planet" (Portuguese: Construindo um Mundo Justo e um Planeta Sustentável).
- Chair: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President of Brazil.
- Key Priorities of the Brazilian Presidency: Social inclusion and the fight against hunger and poverty; sustainable development and energy transition; and the reform of global governance institutions.
- 18th Summit (2023): Held in New Delhi, India, under the theme "One Earth, One Family, One Future" (Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam). A major highlight was the permanent inclusion of the African Union as a G20 member.
- 19th Summit (2024): Held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- 20th Summit (2025): Scheduled to be hosted in Johannesburg, South Africa, the first time an African country will host the G20.
n 29th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP-29)
â Venue (11-22 November, 2024) - Baku (Azerbaijan)
â Chairman of UNFCCC COP-29 - Mukhtar Babayev
â Theme - Investing in a Livable Planet for All
â COP-28 / COP-30 : Dubai, UAE (2023) / Brazil (2025)
17th BRICS Summit 2025 Venue (6-7 July, 2025): Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) Chaired by: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (President of Brazil) Indian Representation: Prime Minister Narendra Modi Theme: Strengthening Global South Cooperation for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance. 16th/ 18th Summit : Russia (2024) / India (2026)
51th G-7 Summit, 2025 Venue (15-17 June, 2025) - Kananaskis Alberta (Canada) India represented by - Prime Minister Narendra Modi 50th / 52st Summit - Italy (2024) / France (2026)
n 55th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum 2025
â Venue (January 20-24, 2025) - Davos (Switzerland)
â Theme - Cooperation for an Intelligent Age
47th ASEAN Summit 2025
Venue (Oct. 26-28, 2025) - Kualalumpur, Malaysia
Theme - Inclusiveness and Sustainability
46th / 48th Summit - Kualalumpur, Malaysia / Philippines (2026)
8th International Solar Alliance Assembly, 2025
Venue : (October 27-30, 2025) - Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
Chaired by - Minister of Renewable Energy, Shri Pralhad Joshi
Theme - 'One Sun, One World, A Shared Resolve'
35th NATO Summit 2025
Venue (24-25 June, 2025) - The Hague, Netherlands
2024 / 2026 Summit : Washington D.C., US / Ankara, Turkey
24th Indian Ocean Rim Association 2025
Chaired by - Current President Sri Lanka
Theme - Sustainable Indian Ocean for Future Generations
Indian delegation led by - Secretary (East) P. Kumaran
SCO Defence Minister's Meeting 2025
Venue (25-26 June, 2025) - Qingdao (China)
Inida represented by - Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
Theme - Upholding the Shanghai Spirit : SCO on the Move
3rd UN Ocean Conference 2025
Venue (13 June, 2025) - Nice, France
Theme - Mobilize and accelerate action by all stakeholders for
the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean
4th Conference - China and South Korea (2028)
78the World Health Assembly 2025
Venue (May 21, 2025) - Geneva, Switzerland
Theme - A World for Health
World Hydrogen Summit 2025
Venue (May 20, 2025) - Rotterdam, Netherlands
India led by - Santosh Sarangi, Secretary (Renewable Energy)
India has set a target of achieving energy independence by 2047
and reaching net zero carbon emissions by 2070
8th Indian Ocean Conference, 2025
Venue (16-17 February, 2025) - Perth (Australia)
Theme - Voyage to New Horizons of Maritime Partnership
AI (Artificial Intelligence) Action Summit 2025
Venue (February 10-11, 2025) - Grand Palais, Paris (France)
Theme - Public Service AI, Future of Work, Innovation and
Culture, Trust in AI and Global Government of AI
2024 / 2026 - South Korea / India
n 6th BIMSTEC Summit 2025
â Organization (03-04 April, 2025) - Bangkok (Thailand)
â Theme - BIMSTEC: Prosperous, Resilient and Open
n 8th Indian Ocean Conference, 2025
â Venue (16-17 February, 2025) - Perth (Australia)
â Theme - Voyage to New Horizons of Maritime Partnership
n 9th Quad Foreign Ministers Meeting, 2025
â Venue (January 21, 2025) - Washington DC (United States)
â Meeting hosted by - US Secretary of State 'Marco Rubio'
â India represented by - External Affairs Dr. S. Jaishankar
n 11th Meeting of the D-8 Economic Cooperation Organization
â Venue (December 19, 2025) - Egypt
â Theme - Investing in youth and supporting small industries
n 27th Commonwealth Heads Meeting (CHOGM-2024)
â Venue (24-26 October, 2024) - Apia (Samoa)
â Theme - One Resilient Common Future : Transforming Our
Commonwealth
â India represented by - Union Minister Kiren Rijiju
â 26th / 28th - Kigali, Rwanda (2022) / Antigua and Bermuda (2026)
n 16th BRICS Summit 2024
â Venue (22-24 October 2024) - Kazan (Russia)
â Chairman of the Summit - Russian President Vladimir Putin
â India represented by - Prime Minister Narendra Modi
â Theme - Strengthening Multilateralism for Equitable Global
Growth and security.
â 15th / 17th Summit - South Africa (2023) / Brazil (2025)
n 23rd Meeting of the Council of Heads of Govt. of the SCO
â Venue (15-16 October, 2024) - Islamabad (Pakistan)
â India represented by : External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar
n United Nations Biodiversity Summit (COP-16)
â Venue (21 October-1 November, 2024) - Cali (Colombia)
â Chairman of the conference - Susana Muhammad
â Theme - Peace with nature
â Armenia will chair it in the year 2026
n 44th-45th ASEAN Summit 2024
â Venue (9 October 2024) - Vientiane (Laos)
â Theme - Enhancing ASEAN Connectivity and Resilience
â 46th-47th Summits - Malaysia
n 34th NATO Summit 2024
â Venue (9-11 July 2024) - Washington DC (USA)
â This summit marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of NATO
â 33rd /35th - Vilnius, Lithuania (2023) / Hague, Netherlands (2025)
n 24th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO
â Venue (4 July 2024) - Astana (Kazakhstan)
â India represented by - External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar
â Theme - Strengthening Multilateral Dialogue ......
â 25th Meeting - China (2025)
n 50th G-7 Summit, 2024
â Venue (13-15 June, 2024) - Italy (at Fasano in Apulia)
â India represented by - Prime Minister Narendra Modi
â 49th / 51st Summit - Japan (2023) / Canada (2025)
n 10th World Water Forum, 2024
â Venue (18-25 May, 2024) - Bali (Indonesia)
â Theme - Water for Shared Prosperity
n 26the World Energy Congress, 2024
â Venue (22-25 April, 2024) - Rotterdam (Netherlands)
â Theme - Reinventing Energy for People and Planet
n 19th Non-Aligned (NAM) Summit
â House (19 January, 2024) - Kampala (Uganda)
International Summits : 2024-25
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National Summit : 2024-25
11th India International Science Festival 2025
Venue - Chandigarh (December 6-9, 2025)
Theme - Science to Prosperity : For a Self-Reliant India
9th India Mobile Congress 2025
Venue - Yashobhoomi Convention Centre, Delhi (8-11 October, 2025)
Theme - Innovate to Transform
6th Global Fintech Fest 2025
Venue - Jio World Centre, Mumbai (October 7-9, 2025)
Theme - Empowering Finance for a Better World Powered by AI
28th National Conference on e-Governance 2025
Venue - Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (September 22-23, 2024)
Theme - Developing India : Civil Services and Digital Transformation
9th International Dharma Dhamma Conference 2025
Venue - Ahmedabad, Gujarat (September 18-20, 2025)
Theme - Karma, Reincarnation, Transmigration and the Theory
of Incarnation
16th Joint Commanders' Conference 2025
Venue - Kolkata, West Bengal (Septemebr 15-17, 2025)
Theme - Year of Reforms : Transforming for the Future
SEMICON India Conference 2025 (Fourth Edition)
Venue - Yashobhoomi, Dwarka, New Delhi (September 2-4, 2025)
Theme - Building the Next Semiconductor Powerhouse
10th Raisina Dialogue 2025
Venue - New Delhi (17-19 March, 2025)
Theme - Kalachakra : People, Peace and Planet
Chief Guest - Christopher Luxon (Prime Minister of New Zealand)
Water Sustainability Conference 2025
Venue - New Delhi (12 March, 2025)
Theme - Industrial Water Use Efficiency
Fit India Carnival 2025
Venue - New Delhi (16-18 March, 2025)
Organised by - Sports Authority of India and Fit India Mission
Aero India Show 2025 (Edition-15th, 10-14 February, 2025)
Venue - Yelahanka Air Force Station (Bengaluru, Karnataka)
Theme / Topic - The Runway to a Billion Opportunities
World Book Fair 2025
House - Pragati Maidan, New Delhi (February 1-9, 2025)
Focus Country - Russai
Theme - Republic @ 75
28th National Youth Festival 2025
Venue - Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi (January 11-12, 2025)
Theme/Subject - Innovation in Science and Technology
18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention 2025
Venue - Bhubaneswar, Odisha (8-10 January, 2025)
Organised by - Ministry of External Affairs in collabortion with
the Government of Odisha
Chief Guest - Christine Carla Kangalu (President, Trinidad)
Theme - Contribution of Overseas Indians to a Development India
17th Convention (2023) - Indore, Madhya Pradesh
Young Indian Diaspora Day 2025
Venue - Bhubaneswar, Odisha (January 8, 2025)
Organized by - Union Ministy of Youth Affairs and Sports
Chief Guest - Dr. Dev Pragad, CEO of US Pacific Newsweek
10th World Ayurveda Congress and Health Expo 2024
Venue - Dehradun, Uttarakhand (December 12-15, 2024)
Theme - Digital Health : An Ayurveda Perspective
First Asian Buddhist Summit 2024
Venue - New Delhi (5-6 November, 2024)
Theme - The Role of Buddhism in Strengthening Asia
Fourth National Hindi Science Conference 2024
Venue - Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (July 30-31, 2024)
Theme - Raising National Scientific Consciousness in the Amritkaal
5th National Youth Parliament Festival 2024
Venue - New Delhi (5-6 March, 2024)
Theme - Youth Expression : Engagement and Empowerment for
Nation Transformation
Wings India 2024
Venue - Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad (January 18-21, 2024)
Theme - Connecting India to the World in the Amritkaal
Best Airport Award - Kempegowda (Bengaluru) and Indira Gandhi
n 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention 2025
â Venue - Bhubaneswar, Odisha (8-10 January, 2025)
â Theme - Diaspora Contribution in Development India
â 17th Convention - Indore, Madhya Pradesh
â Theme (17th Convention) - Diaspora : Reliable Partners for India's
Progress in the Amrit Kaal
n 54th International Film Festival of India 2024
â Venue - Panaji, Goa (20-28 November, 2024)
â Theme - Young Film makers : The Future is Now
â Focus Country - Australia
n First Asian Buddhist Summit 2024
â Venue - New Delhi (5-6 November, 2024)
â Theme - Role of Buddhism in Strengthening Asia
n 8th India Mobile Congress 2024
â Venue - New Delhi (15-18 October, 2024)
â Theme - The Future is Now
n SEMICON India Conference 2024
â Venue - Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh (11-13 Septemebr, 2024)
â Theme - Shaping the Semiconductor Future
n First Combined Commanders Conference 2024
â Venue - Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (4-5 September, 2024)
â Theme - Strong and Secure India : Transforming Armed Forces
n 8th Dharma Dhamma Conference 2024
â Venue - Ahmedabad, Gujarat (23-25 August, 2024)
â Chief Guest - Jagdeep Dhankhar
â Theme - Cosmology in Dharma-Dhamma Traditions
n 5th Global Fintech Fest 2024
â Venue - Mumbai (28-30 August, 2024)
â Theme - Blue Print for the Next Decade of Finance
n 4th National Hindi Science Conference 2024
â Venue - Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (30-31 July, 2024)
â Theme - National Scientific Consciousness in Amritkaal Unnayan
n 24th National Conference on e-Governance 2024
â Venue - Mumbai, Maharashtra (3-4 Septemeber, 2024)
â Theme - Developed India : Secure and Sustainable e-Service Delivery
n 10th World Ayurveda Congress & Arogya Expo 2024
â Venue - Dehradun, Uttarakhand (12-15 December, 2024)
â Theme - Digital Health-An Ayurveda Perspective
n India 6G 2024
â Veneu - New Delhi (15 May, 2024)
â Theme - 5G and Beyond : Connectivity of a Digital World
n 5th National Youth Parliament Festival 2024
â Venue - New Delhi (5-6 March, 2024)
â Theme - Youth Expression : Engagement and Empowerment....
n 27th National Youth Festival 2024
â Venue - Nashik, Maharashtra (12-16 January, 2024)
â Theme - My India-Developed India @ 2047 : For Youth By Youth
n 9th India International Science Festival 2024
â Event - Faridabad, Haryana (17-20 January, 2024)
â Theme - Science and Technology in Amritkaal Public Relations
n Climate Summit 2024
â Event - Mumbai (12 January, 2024)
â Theme - Decoding Green Transition for India
n 9th Raisina Dialogue 2024
â Event - New Delhi (21-23 February, 2024)
â Chief Guest - Kyriakos Mitsotakis (PM Greece)
â Theme - Chaturanga : Struggle, Competition, Cooperation, Creation
n World Book Fair 2024
â Event - (10-18 February, 2024) - Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
â Guest Country - Saudi Arabia
â Theme - Multilingual India, a living tradition
n Wings India 2024
â Event - Begumpet Airport, Hyderabad (18-21 January, 2024)
â Theme - Connecting India to the World in Amritkaal....
â Best Airport Award - Kempegowda (Bangalore) and Indira Gandhi
BASIC
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Various Operations : 2023-25
- Operation Fire Trail : To stop illegal smuggling of Chinese firecrackers into India.
- Operation Black Forest : Biggest anti-Naxal operation carried out in the Karregutta hills on the border of Chhattisgarh and Telangana.
- Operation Mahadev : Under this, three terrorists were killed by the Indian Army in Lidwas area of Srinagar.
- Operation Muskaan-XI : Under this, Telangana Police rescued 7600 children from exploitation.
- Operation Falcon : To stop poaching of rhinoceros and illegal wildlife trade in Assam.
- Operation Kalanemi : By the Uttarakhand Govt. against those impersonating saints or religious figures and duping people (10 July)
- Operation Shiva : By the Indian Army to ensure the safe and peaceful conduct of the Shri Amarnath Yatra 2025.
- Operation Midnight Hammer : Code name for a major military attack by the United States on Iran's nuclear installations. (22 June)
- Operation True Promise 3 : Under this, Iran launched a massive retaliatory missile and drone attack against Israel. (14 June)
- Operation Sindhu : By Govt. of India To evacuate Indian citizens from conflict zones in Iran and Israel. (Started - 18th June, 2025)
- Operation Rising Lion : A large-scale and highly coordinated military attack by Israel against Iran. (13 June)
- Operation Spider Wave : Under this, Ukraine launched a deadly drone attack on Russian military installations. (1 June)
- Operation Shield : Mock drill conducted by the Indian government for civil security in states bordering Pakistan. (31 May)
- Operation Keller : By the Indian Army to eliminate Lashkar-e-Taiba terrorists in Shopian district of J&K (13 May)
- Operation Sindoor : By the Indian Govt. to destroy terrorist hideouts in POK in retaliation to the Pahalgam terror attack (6-7 May)
- Operation Bashaer al-Fatah : Under this operation Iran attacked America's huge Al-Udeid Air Force base located in Doha, Qatar.
- Operation Black Forest : To curb the activities of Naxalites in the area between the states of Chhattisgarh and Telangana.
- Operation Hawk : To dismantle a cyber crime network involved in child sexual exploitation.
- Operation Kagar : By Ministry of Home Affairs, is aimed at eradicating Naxals and dismantling the political ideology of Maoism.
- Operation Chakra-5 : Against Digital Arrest Scams by CBI.
- Operation Brahma : Under this, India has sent humanitarian aid to help the earthquake victims in Myanmar.
- Operation Devil Hunt : By Bangladesh to arrest people trying to destabilize the country.
- Operation Sadbhav : By the Govt. of India to help Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam affected by typhoon 'Yagi'.
- Operation Conviction : By the Govt. of UP to reduce sexual harassment and religious conversion and arrest the criminals involved in it.
- Operation Rising Sun : By the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence to bust a gold smuggling syndicate in four states.
- Operation Bambi Bucket : By the Air Force to extinguish the fire in the forests of Nainital.
- Operation Maryada : By Uttarakhand Police to conduct the Kedarnath Yatra.
- Operation Shield : Israel named its defence operation after stopping Iranian attacks.
- Operation Sankalp : Under this, the Indian Navy saved the Iranian ship 'Al Kanbar' and 23 Pakistani citizens from pirates.
- Operation Indravati : To rescue Indians trapped in Haiti.
- Operation Kamdhenu : To crack down on cattle smuggling by Jammu and Kashmir Police.
- Operation Nanhe Farishte : Under this, the Railway Protection Force reunited more than 549 children with their families.
- Al-Aqsa Attack : Hamas has named its operation against Israel.Operation Amrit : To reduce the use of antibiotics by the Government of Kerala.
- Operation Ajay : To evacuate Indian citizens from Israel during the Israel-Hamas war by the Government of India.
- Operation Iron Swords : Israel's code name for its ongoing fight against Hamas.
- Operation Chakra-2 : Under this, raids were conducted at various places by CBI to eliminate the cyber crime Mafia.
- Operation Sajag : To involve all stakeholders in enhancing coastal security by the Indian Coast Guard.
- Operation Trinetra-2 : To flush out terrorists hiding in Poonch, Jammu and Kashmir by Security forces (Army and Police).
- Operation Karuna : To assist Myanmar affected by Cyclone Mocha (By Indian navy).
- Operation Dhvast : To end organized crime and terrorism by NIA.Operation Kaveri : To bring back Indians stranded in war-torn Sudan by the Government of India.
- Operation Maryada : By Uttarakhand Police, with the objective of maintaining cleanliness in pilgrimage places and tourist places.
- Operation Sadbhavna : To help people in rural areas and areas near the LOC in Jammu and Kashmir by the Indian Army.
- Operation Alert : To enhance security along the India-Pakistan border by the Border Security Force (BSF).
- Operation Octopus : Raids by NIA and ED against Popular Front of India (PFI) for spreading violence and terror funding in country.
- Operation Dost : To help earthquake affected Turkey and Syria by Government of India.
- Operation Garuda : CBI to eliminate drug network.
- Operation Meghchakra : CBI to trace people who are circulating child pornography.
- Operation Narcos : To stop drug smuggling through rail by Railway Protection Force.
- Mission Amanat : For tracking of lost luggage of passengers by Indian Railways.
- Operation Ganga : To bring back Indian citizens and students trapped in war-torn Ukraine by the Government of India.
- Operation Olivia : To rescue the Olive Ridley turtles of Odisha by the Indian Coast Guard.
- Operation Vigilant : To prevent smuggling of illicit tobacco and illicit liquor in trains by Railway Protection Force.
- Opr. Devi Shakti : To rescue Indians trapped in Taliban-occupied Afghanistan by the Ministry of External Affairs.
- Operation Available : To curb black marketing of railway tickets by Railway Protection Force and to make available to the people.
- Operation AAHT : To save women and children from traffickers by Railway Protection Force.
- Operation Sard Hawa : To prevent incidents of infiltration by BSF in dense fog along the Western International Border of Rajasthan.
- Operation Parivartan : To end the cultivation and supply of cannabis by the Government of Andhra Pradesh.
Major Reports of Govt. of India
Swachh Vayu Survekshan Awards
The Swachh Vayu Survekshan Awards are an initiative by India's Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) to rank and award cities based on their air quality and implementation of a clean air action plan. Cities are evaluated in three population categories and the top performers receive cash prizes, trophies, and certificates for improving air quality and managing pollution effectively.
- Category 1 (Population over 10 lakh) : Indore (2nd - Jabalpur)
- Category 2 (Population between 3 and 10 lakh) : Amravati (2nd-Jhansi)
- Category 3 (Population under 3 lakh) : Dewas (2nd - Parwanoo)
Swachh Survekshan 2024-25
Issuer - Ministry of Housing and Urban (Edition-9th)
Theme - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Cleanest City - Indore (8th consecutive time)
Cleanest Big City (Population > 10 lakh) - Ahmedabad
Best Ganga Nagar - Prayagraj
Best Cantonment Board - Secunderabad
The Cleanest City of Bihar - Patna (Rank - 21st)
Rank of Bihar (2023) - 15th
National e-Governance Awards - 2025
Gold Award : Rohini Gram Panchayat, Maharashtra
Silver Award : West Majlishpur Gram Panchayat, Tripura
Jury Award : Palsana (Gujarat) and Sukati (Odisha)
Fiscal Health Index-2025
Issuer - NITI Aayog (April 2, 2025)
Top Performing States - Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Goa
Leading States - Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Teleangana
Aspiring States (Worst Performing) - Punjab, Andhra Pradesh,
West Bengal.
NITI Aayog's first Financial Health Index : 2025
n It was released on January 24, 2025 by Dr. Arvind Panagariya,
Chairman, 16th Finance Commission.
n This index has been prepared on the basis of financial
performance of 18 states in the financial year 2022-23.
n 1st Rank - Odisha (Score-67.8) (2nd-Chhattisgarh)
n Rank of Bihar - 7th (UP-7th, Madhya Pradesh-9th)
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index : 2024
n Issued by - UNDP (Released on October 17, 2024)
n 1.1 billion people around the world live in acute poverty.
n More than half of the poor population (584 million) are
children under the age of 18.
n Many poor people are deprived of basic resources.
Such as - 828 million (adequate sanitation), 886 million
(housing) and 998 million (cooking fuel).
n India has the highest number of poor people (23.4 Crore) in
the world.
6th State Food Security Index : 2023-24
n Issued by - FSSAI
n 1st Position - Kerala (Score-73.75) (2nd - Tamil Nadu)
n 1st in North-Eastern Hill States - Nagaland (Score-44.25)
n 1st in UT's - Jammu & Kashmir (2nd - Chandigarh)
n Rank of Bihar - 21st (Score - 36.5)
SDG India Index : 2023-24
n Issuer - NITI Aayog (4th Edition, July 12, 2024)
n First State - Kerala & Uttarakhand (Score - 72)
n First among UTs - Chandigarh (2nd - Jammu - Kashmir)
n Rank of Bihar - Last (Secore - 57)
Swachh Survekshan Awards - 2023 (8th Edition)
n Issuer - Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
n Theme (2023) - Waste to Wealth
n Theme (2024) - Reduce, Reuse and Recycle
n Cleanest Cities - Indore and Surat (Jointly)
n Third Cleanest City - Navi Mumbai (Patna Ranked 77th)
n Cleanest Cantonment Board - Mhow (Madhya Pradesh)
n Cleanest Ganga Cities - Varanasi and Prayagraj
n Cleanest Cities (population less than 1 lakh)
- 1. Saswad (Maharashtra) 2. Patan (Chhattisgarh)
n Cleanest among states - Maharashtra (2nd-MP)
n Low performing states - Arunachal, Mizoram, Rajasthan
n Rank of Bihar - 15th
2nd National Multidimensional Poverty Index : 2023
n Issued by - NITI Aayog (Released on July, 2023)
n The poorest state - Bihar (33.76%) > Jharkhand > UP
n The least poor state - Kerala
n 13.5 crore people came out of poverty between 2015-16
and 2019-21.
n In rural areas - decline (32.59% to 19.28%)
n In urban areas - decline (8.65% to 5.27%)
n Intensity of poverty has reduced from 47% to 44% between
2015-16 and 2019-21.
n Substantial decline in total poverty headcount rationfrom
24.85% in 2015-16 to 14.96% in 2019-21.
Road Accident Report in India : 2022
n Issuer - Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
n 1,68,491 people died in road accidents in the year 2022 which
is an increase of 11.9% compared to 2021.
n In 2022, 36.2% deaths occurred on national highways, 24.3%
on state highways and 39.4% on other roads.
n In 2022, the highest number of road accidents were rcorded
in Tamil Nadu (13.9%), followed by MP (11.8%).
n The highest number of deaths in road accidents occurred in
Uttar Pradesh (13.4%).
n The highest number of deaths in accidents occurred among
two-wheeler riders (44%).
3rd Export Preparedness Index - 2022
n Issuer - NITI Aayog (July, 2023)
n Top three states - Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka
n Top among hilly Himalayan states - Uttarakhand
n Top among Union Territories/Small States - Goa
n Bihar rank - 22nd
Reports & Indexes : 2024-25
- Sustainable Business Index 2025, issued jointly by the Hinrich Foundation and the IMD, ranks United Kingdom in first place out of 30 surveyed countries and India at 23rd place.
- Global Hunger Index 2025, published jointly by the German Institute Welthungerhilfe and the Irish organization Concern Worldwide, ranked 123 countries on hunger levels, with Armenia among the top-ranked nations with the lowest hunger scores and India placing 102nd with a "serious" level of hunger (an improvement from 105th in 2024)
- Henley Passport Index 2025, published by the London-based consultancy Heley & Partners, ranks Singapore as the world's most powerful passport with visa-free access to 193 destinations, while India's rank has slipped to 85th place (down from 80th in 2024), offering visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 57 countries.
- Index of Economic Freedom 2025, an annual report covering 176 countries and issued by the American think tank The Heritage Foundation, named Singapore as the world's freest economy, with India ranking 128th, a decline from its 84th position in 2024.
Reports / Indexes Issued by T. Country First Rank India's Rank
Global Innovation Index 2025 World Intellectual Property Org. (WIPO) 139 Switzerland 38th (39th in 2024)
World Talent Ranking 2025 International Management Index (IMI) 69 Switzerland 63rd (58th in 2024)
Smart City Index 2025 International Management Institute 146 Zurich Delhi-104th
Global AI City Index 2025 Counterpoint Research - Singapore Dengaluru-26th
World Competitiveness Index 2025 International Management Institute 67 Singapore 41st (39th in 2024)
Global Unicorn Index 2025 Hurun research Institute 64 USA 3rd (3 in 2024)
Sustainable Development Report 2025 SDSN 167 Finland 99th (124 in 2024)
Global Peace Index 2025 Institute for Economics and Peace 163 Iceland 115th (116 in 2024)
Global Liveability Index 2025 Economics Intelligence Unit 173 Copenhagen -
Energy Transition Index 2025 World Economic Forum 120 Sweden 71th (63 in 2024)
Global Gender Gap Index 2025 World Economic Forum 148 Iceland 129th (127 in 2024)
Climate Change Performance Index 2025 Germanwatch 63 + EU Denmark (4th) 10th (7th in 2024)
Human Development Index 2025 UNDP 193 Iceland 130(Score-0.685)
World Press Freedom Index 2025 Reports Without Borders (France) 180 Norway 151st(159 in 2024)
Global Network Readiness Index 2025 - 170 - 36th (48th in 2022)
World Happiness Report 2025 SDSN 147 Finland 118th (126 in 2024)
19th Wealth Report 2025 Knight Frank - US 4th
Reports / Indexes Issued by T. Country First Rank India's Rank
l World Happiness Report 2025 SDSN 147 Finland 118th (126 in 2024)
l 19 The Wealth Report 2025 Knight Frank - US 4th
l Corruption Perceptions Index 2024 Transparency International 180 Denmark 96th (93 in 2023)
l Global Firepower Index 2025 Global Firepower.Com 145 US 4th (4th in 2024)
l Henley Passport Index 2025 Henley & Partners 195 Singapore 85th (80th in 2024)
l Network Readiness Index 2024 Portulans Institute 133 US 49th (Score-53.63)
l Climate Change Performance Index 2025 Germanwatch 63 + EU Denmark (4th) 10th (7th in 2024)
l Global Nature Conservation Index 2024 - 180 Luxembourg 176th
l Rule of Law Index 2024 World Justice Project (WJP) 142 Denmark 79th
l Global Hunger Index 2024 Welthungerhilfe (German institution) 127 Belarus 105th (score-27.3)
l Index of Economic Freedom 2024 Fraser Institute 165 Hong Kong 84th (87 in 2023)
l Global Innovation Index 2024 WIPO 133 Switzerland 39th (40 in 2023)
l Asia Power Index 2024 Lowy Institute (Sydney) 26 United States 3rd
l World Talent Ranking 2024 IMD 67 Switzerland 58th (Score-40.47)
l AI Readiness Index 2024 International Monetary Fund 174 Singapore 72nd (score-0-49)
l Global Liveability Index 2024 The Economics Intelligence Unit 146 Vienna (Austria) -
l Global Energy Transition Index 2024 World Economic Forum 120 Sweden 63rd (67 in 2023)
l Global Gender Gap Index 2024 World Economic Forum 146 Iceland 129th (127 in 2023)
l Environmental Performance Index 2024 Yale University, USA 180 Estonia 176th
l Global Peace Index 2024 Institute for Economics and Peace 163 Iceland 116th (126 in 2023)
l Travel and Tourism Development Index World Economic Forum 119 United States 39th (54 in 2021)
l World Press Freedom Index 2024 Reports Without Borders (France) 180 Norway 159th(score-31.28)
l Cyber Crime Index 2024 - 100 Russia 10th
l Global Unicorn Index 2024 Hurun - US 3rd
l Human Development Index 2023-24 UNDP 193 Switzerland 1 134th(Score-0.644)
l Gender Inequality Index 2022 UNDP 193 Finland 108th (Score-0.437)
l Intellectual Property Index 2024 Global Innovation Policy Center (US) 55 Ameria 42nd (42 in 2023)
l Tom-Tom Traffic Index 2024 Transparency International 387 London Bengaluru Rank-6th
l Global Democracy Index 2023 Economics Intelligence Unit 167 Norway 41st (46 in 2022)
l Global Unicorn Ranking 2023 - - Ameria 3rd
l Global Pension Index 2023 Mercer CFA Institute 47 Netherlands 45th (41st in 2022)
l Global Crypto Adoption Index 2023 Crypto-analysis firm Chainalysis 154 India 1st (Score- 1.0)
l Human Freedom Index 2023 Cato Institute and Fraser Institute 165 Switzerland 109th
l Global Telent Competitiveness Index 2023 INSEAD Business School 134 Switzerland 103rd
l World Giving Index 2023 Charities and Foundations 142 Indoesia 43rd
l Global Startup Ecosystem Index 2023 Startup Blink 100 US 21st (Score-11.982)
[ 33 ]
BASIC
Economic Survey : 2024-25
Economic Survey 2024-25 was tabled in the Parliament by Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on 31 January 2025. The survey is divided into 13 chapters and t he main points of these chapters are as follows:
1. State of the Economy: Getting back into the fast lane 03
2. Monetary and Financial Sector Developments:
The cart and the horse 06
3. External Sector: Getting FDI right 08
4. Prices and Inflation: Understanding the dynamics 11
5. Medium Term Outlook: Deregulation drives growth 13
6. Investment and Infrastructure: Keeping it going 14
7. Industry: All about Business Reforms 18
8. Services: New challenges for the old war horse 20
9. Agriculture and Food Management: The sector of the future 21
10. Climate & Environment: Adaptation matters 22
11. Social Sector: Extending reach and driving empowerment 24
12. Employment and Skill Development: Existential priorities 26
13. Labour in the AI era: Crisis or catalyst
State of the economy
India's real GDP growth in projected at 6.4% in FY25.
Global GDP grew by 3.3% in 2023, slightly higher than the 3.2%
forecast for the next five years.
GDP growth is expected to be between 6.3% and 6.8% in FY26.
Retail inflation declined to 4.9% in FY25 (April-December).
Capital expenditure increased by 8.2% in FY24 after the general
elections.
India's share in global services exports is the 7th largest.
Monetary and financial sector developments
Gross non-performing assets were at a 12-year low (2.6% of gross
loans).
1,068 bankruptcy resolutions yielded recoveries of Rs 3.6 lakh
crore.
India's stock markets outperformed.
Insurance premiums grew by 7.7% and pensions by 16%.
External sector
Exports grew by 6%, while services grew by 11.6%.
India ranked second in computer and information services exports.
FDI inflows grew by 17.9% year-on-year to US$ 55.6 billion in
FY25.
Foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 640.3 billion.
Prices and Inflation
Global inflation moderated to 5.7% in 2024. India's retail inflation
declined to 4.9% in FY25.
Inflation will be 4% by FY26 as per RBI and IMF.
Medium Term Outlook
India aims to achieve 8% growth to achieve 'Developed India'
by 2047.
Focus on regulation to empower growth and ease of doing
business, especially for SME.
Investment and Infrastructure
5853 km of national highways were constructed in FY25.
Renewable energy capacity added 15.8% year-on-year till December 2024.
Industry
Industrial growth rate is estimated to be 6.2% in FY25.
Automobile sales grew by 12.5% in FY24.
India ranks 6th in global patent filings.
The MSME sector is growing with initiatives like the Atmanirbhar
Bharat Fund.
Services
The contribution of the services sector to GVA increased to 55.3%
in FY25.
Service exports grew by 12.8% in FY25 (April-November).
Agriculture and Food Management
Agriculture contributes 16% to GDP in FY24.
Foodgrain production is expected to grow by 89.37 LMT in FY24.
Fisheries and livestock sector showed robust growth.
MSP for tur and bajra increased by 59% and 77% respectively.
Climate and Environment
India's non-fossil fuel power generation capacity reached 46.8%
of total capacity.
LiFE initiative to promote sustainable living, with potential
global savings of USD 440 billion by 2030.
India's carbon sink increased by 2.29 billion tonnes CO2
equivalent.
Social Sector
Expenditure on social services grew at a rate of 15% from FY21
to FY25.
Government health expenditure increased from 29% to 48%.
Ayushman Bharat has saved over Rs. 1.25 lakh crore.
Employment and skill Development
Unemployment rate declined to 3.2% in FY24.
Emerging sectors such as digital economy and renewable
energy offer employment opportunities.
The growth in EPFO payrolls has doubled in the last six years.
Labor in the AI era
India's young, tech-savvy population is poised to take advantage of AI to boost productivity.
Collaboration between the government, private sector and
academia is crucial to manage the societal impact of AI.
Union Budget : 2025-26
Budget Estimates : 2025-26
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman presented the Union Budget for the 8th consecutive time in Parliament on February 1, 2025. For
the budget speech of Union Budget' 2025-26, Nirmala Sitharaman arrived in Parliament wearing the famous Madhubani saree of Bihar.
Sitharaman presented a total budget of j 50.65 lakh crore. In the budget, it was announced to make income tax free up to j 12.75 lakh for
salaried people and j 12 lakh for other taxpayers. Along with this, big announcements were made regarding education, health etc.
Highlights of Union Budget' 2025-26
n This years' budget is a roadmap for a developed India. It has a
special focus on health, education and women.
n The Union Budget has identified four engines of growth - agriculture,
micro, small and medium (MSME) investment and exports.
n Total expenditure in Budget 2025-26 is estimated at j 50,65,345
crore, of which total capital expenditure is j 11,21,090 crore and
effective capital expenditure is j 15,48,282 crore.
n The total resources transferred to the States in Budget Estimates
2025-26 is j 25,01,284 crore, which includes State share, loans
grants and expenditure under Centrally Sponsored Schemes, etc.,
showing an increase of j 4,91,668 crore over the actuals of FY
2023-24.
n Fiscal deficit for FY 2025 is estimated at 4.8%, which is targeted
to be brought down to 4.4% in FY 2026.
n For the financial year 2025-26, the Union Finance Minister said
that total receipts excluding borrowings and total expenditure
are estimated at Rs 34.96 lakh crore and Rs 50.65 lakh crore respectively.
Net tax receipts are estimated at Rs 28.37 lakh crore.
n India's real and nominal GDP growth rates are expected to be 6.4
percent and 9.7 percent, respectively, in the first advance estimate
for FY25.
n Indian nominal GDP is projected to grow by 10.1 percent in FY26.
n Salaried people who choose the new tax regime will not have to
pay any tax on income up to j 12.75 lakh annually. If there is
income from any other source, the tax exemption limit will be
only j 12 lakh.
n TDS was not levied on the 50 thousand interest received by the
elderly on FD. Now it has been increased to one lakh. That is, if
they are getting one lakh interest from any deposit, then they
will not have to pay TDS.
n The amount withdrawn from the National Savings Scheme account
after August 29, 2024 will be exempted from tax.
n 5 lakh SC-ST women, who have become entrepreneurs for the
first time, will be given a term loan of up to Rs 2 crore in the next
5 years.
n Under the Anganwadi Scheme, nutritious food will be provided
to more than 8 crore children and 1 crore pregnant women across
the country.
n A budget of Rs 3,150 crore has been given to Mission Shakti Yojana
for women. Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao, Nari Adalat, Mahila
Helpline, Mahila Police Volunteer schemes will get Rs 629 crore
from this.
n Schemes like Swadhar Griha, Matri Vandan, Working Women's
Hostel and National Creche have been given a budget of 2 thousand
521 crores. There is a budget of 30 crores for the schemes
running under Nirbhaya Fund.
n Schemes worth Rs 2,615 crore for women and child development
in the North-East, assistance of Rs 22,195 crore to state governments
and Rs 897 crore will be given for running women and
child development programmes in Union Territories.
n A fund of Rs 10 thousand crore will be created for startups.
[ 35 ]
Budget of top-10 schemes
n PM Garib Kalyan -2.03 lakh crore
n National Highway Authority 1.70 lakh crore
n urea subsidy 1.19 lakh crore
n road construction 1.16 lakh crore
n MANREGA 86 thousand crores
n Jal Jeevan Mission 67 thousand crores
n Kisan Samman Nidhi 63.5 thousand crores
n Housing Scheme (PMAY-G) 54.8 thousand crores
n Aircraft and Euro Engines 48.6 thousand crores
n rolling stock (railway) 45.5 thousand crores
Revised tax structure in the new tax regime
n j 0- j 4 lakh Zero
n j 4- j 8 lakh 5%
n j 8- j 12 lakh 10%
n j 12- j 16 lakh 15%
n j 16-20 lakh 20%
n j 20 - j 24 lakhs 25%
n Above j 24 lakh 30%
n 50 thousand Atal Tinkering Labs in government schools in the
next five years.
n Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence for Education with a
total outlay of j 500 crore.
n 75 thousand seats will increase in medical education in the next
5 years. 10 thousand seats will be increased in one year.
n 6500 seats will be increased in 23 IITs in the country. Hostels of
Patna IIT will be expanded.
n 10 thousand new fellowships will be given under PM Research
Fellowship.
n The government did not make any separate announcement for
employment.
n However, while announcing several schemes, Sitharaman definitely
said that these will create employment.
n In the budget, Sitharaman opened the way for electric cars, mobiles
and LEDs to become cheaper.
n The government has made 36 life saving medicines, including cancer
medicines, completely tax free.
n To provide relief to people and families suffering from dreaded
diseases like cancer, 200 day care cancer centres will be built in
all district hospitals in the next 3 years.
n PM Dhan-Dhanya Krishi Yojana will be implemented in 100 districts
with low productivity. Production will be increased under
this. Storage arrangements will be made at the Panchayat level.
1.7 crore farmers will benefit.
n The limit of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) has been increased from Rs 3
lakh to Rs 5 lakh.
n Loan up to Rs 5 lakh will be given for dairy and fish farming.
n To benefit 1.7 crore farmers, 100 low agricultural productivity districts
will be covered under 'Pradhan Mantri Dhan-Dhanya Krishi
Yojana'.
n 'Self-reliance Mission in Pulses' will be launched, in which special
focus will be given to tur, urad and lentil.
n 5-year action plan for cotton production. Focus will be on production
and marketing. A new urea plant will be set up in Namrup,
Assam.
n Gyan Bharat Mission will be launched in the country. 1 crore
manuscripts will be digitized.
n Broadband connectivity to all government secondary schools and
primary health centres.
n 5 national level centers will be created to enhance skills.
n A national action plan will be made to make the country a big
hub for toys. We will develop clusters. An eco-system will be created
for skill and manufacturing.
n India's toy exports declined from US$ 177 million in 2021-22 to
US$ 152 million in 2023-24 due to the overall decline in global
demand for these products.
n Over the past decade, India has become increasingly dependent
on China for toys. Currently, the country imports an average of
76% of its toys.
n The budget for the welfare of tribes has been increased to Rs
14,925 crore. Last year it was around Rs 10,237 crore. That means
this year it has been increased by 45%.
n More than 7 thousand crores have been allocated for Eklavya
boarding schools. Rs 380 crores will be allocated for the Tribal
Development Mission. Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana
has a budget of more than 335 crores.
n The budget of Dharti Aabha Janjati Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan
(DAJGUA) has been increased four times from 500 crores to 2
thousand crores. This will increase health facilities, education,
Anganwadi facilities in 63 thousand 843 villages. 5 crore tribal
people in 549 districts of 30 states will benefit from this.
n In the budget, Makhana Board in Bihar, establishment of National
Institute of Food Technology, expansion of IIT Patna, 3 airports,
Western Kosi Canal Project have been announced.
n Bihar has a youth population of around 50%. The only IIT in the
state is in Patna. There are currently 2883 seats here, it will increase
to around 5000.
[ 36 ]
Central Government Schemes
Namami Gange Scheme
- The Namami Gange Programme is a flagship conservation mission launched by the Government of India, Ministry of Water Resources on 10th July, 2014 with the dual purpose of effectively stopping pollution in the National River Ganga and ensuring its conservation and rejuvenation.
- The Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), launched on August 28, 2014, by the Ministry of Finance, is a major financial inclusion program designed to provide every unbanked adult with a basic bank account and at least one bank account in all households that includes a RuPay debit card and ₹2 lakh accident insurance cover.
Make in India
- The "Make in India" initiative was launched by the Indian government on September 25, 2014, with the core purpose of encouraging companies to manufacture their products within the country and boost investment in the domestic manufacturing sector.
Mission Indradhanush
- The Union Health Ministry launched "Mission Indradhanush" on December 25, 2014, as a comprehensive immunization drive providing vaccinations against seven critical diseases: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, polio, tuberculosis, measles, and hepatitis B.
Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana
- The "Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao" (BBBP) Yojana was launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development on January 22, 2015, with the primary objective of promoting gender equality and improving India's declining child sex ratio.
Prime Minister 'MUDRA' Scheme
- The Prime Minister MUDRA (Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency) Scheme was launched on April 8, 2015, to provide financial assistance to the micro-enterprise sector.
- The initiative offers collateral-free loans for income-generating activities in three categories: Shishu (loans up to ₹50,000), Kishor (loans up to ₹5 lakh), and Tarun (loans up to ₹10 lakh).
- This scheme, a flagship program under the Ministry of Finance, aims to fund the unfunded, supporting small entrepreneurs who can apply through various financial institutions; further details on eligibility and application can be found on the official MUDRA Yojana website.
Atal Pension Yojana
n Launched - 9th May, 2015 by Ministry of Finance.
n Under this scheme, any person in the age group of 18 to 40 years
can get a pension of 1 thousand to 5 thousand on the basis of the
amount deposited by him in the bank.
AMRUT Yojana
n Launched - June 24, 2015
n AMRUT : Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
n Launched - June 25, 2015
n Objective - To build 2 crore new houses by 2022
Digital India Mission
n Launched - 1st July, 2015
n Objective - To make all government services available to the
public electronically
n Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana
n Launched - 1st July, 2015.
n Purpose - To provide water to farmers for agriculture
Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana
n Launched - 25th July, 2015.
n Objective - To electrify all the villages, improve the financial
condition of the distribution companies and do proper monitoring
Sagarmala Project
n Launched - July 31, 2015
n Objective - Development of ports and connecting them with
road/rail transport
Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission
n Launched - February 22, 2016
n Objective - Cluster based development of villages
Setu Bharatam Yojana
n Launched - 4th March, 2016 by Union Ministry of Road and
Transport
n Objective - Construction of over/under bridges to make National
Highways free of railway crossings
Stand up India
n Launched - 5th April, 2016 by Ministry of Finance
n Purpose - Loan from 10 lakh to 1 crore to SC / ST and women
entrepreneurs to set up new companies
UDAN Plan
n Launched - on 27th April, 2017
n Full name - Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik
n Purpose - To provide cheap air travel to the common citizens.
[ 37 ]
DIKSHA Portal
n Launched -5th September, 2017 by Ministry of Human Resource
Development
n This portal is helpful in training and empowering the teacher.
Pradhan mantri Ujjwala Yojana
n Launched - 1st May, 2016
n Purpose - To provide free LPG connection to BPL families.
Varistha Pension Bima Yojana
n Launched : January 1, 2017 by Life Corporation of India (LIC)
n Purpose - Guaranteed interest rate for 10 years to senior citizens
aged 60 years and above will be 8%.
Deen Dayal Upadhyay 'SPARSH' Yojana
n Launched - November 3, 2017
n SPARSH : Scholarship for Promotion of Aptitude and Research
in Stamp as a Hobby.
n It is a scholarship scheme with the aim of increasing interest in
postage stamp collection among school children of class 6th to 9th.
n Benefits - Max. 40 students get total scholarship of Rs.6000/ year.
Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana
n Launch - July 21, 2017
n Purpose - Guaranteed return of 8% for 10 years to senior citizens
in the age of 60 or more on opting for monthly pension option.
Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana - Saubhagya
n Launched - 25th September, 2017 by Ministry of Power.
n Objective - To ensure electrification of all households.
Pradhan Mantri Jan Aarogya Yojana - Ayushman Bharat
n Launched - 23rd September, 2018 from Ranchi (Jharkhand).
n Objective - To provide free cashless health facility up to 5 lac.
PM-Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme
n Launched - February 1- 2019 by Piyush Goyal.
n Purpose - Rs.6000 direct income support to all the farmers.
n This assistance will be transferred directly to the account of
farmers in three equal installments of Rs.2000 each.
Prime Minister Shram Yogi Maandhan Yojana
n Launched - February 15, 2019.
n Eligible for the scheme - Unorganized sector workers in the age.
group of 18-40 years whose monthly income is Rs 15000 or less.
n Benefit - Monthly pension of Rs.3000 on attaining the age of 60.
Prime Minister Kisan MaandhanYojana
n Launched - September 12, 2019 at Ranchi (Jharkhand).
n Benefit - Minimum Rs.3000 per month pension on attaining the
age of 60 years.
n Eligible for the scheme - Farmers of 18 to 40 years who have
agricultural land up to 2 hectares only.
Agneepath Yojana
n Scheme Announcement - June 14,2022.
n Qualification -10th-12th pass (Age -17.5 to 23 years).
n Under this, youth will be recruited in all the three services (land,
water, air) for 4 years, which will be called ‘Agniveer’.
n On completion of four years. Agniveers will be paid Rs
11.71 lakh under the service fund package. On completion
of service, Agniveers will be given 10% reservation in
CAPF and Assam Rifles. Also 25% of Agniveers will be selected
permanently on the basis of merit.
n 46000 thousand Agniveers will be recruited in the first year.
PM Vishwakarma Yojana
n Launch - September 17, 2023 (from New Delhi).
n Objective - To provide loans at minimum interest rate without
guarantee to 30 lakh families of traditional craftsmen and artisans.
n A budget provision of Rs. 13000 crore has been made for this,
n Under this, 18 traditional businesses have been included.
PM Janman Yojana
n Launch - November 15, 2023 (by PM Modi, from Jharkhand)
n Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM
Janman) aims to improve the socio-economic conditions of
particularly vulnerable tribal groups.
n This scheme focuses on 11 important tasks through 9 ministries.
(Duration : 2023-24 to 2025-26)
n in this campaign with a total outlay of Rs. 24,104 crore, the share
of the Center and the states will be Rs. 15,336 crore and Rs. 8,768
crore respectively.
PM Surya Ghar : Muft Bijli Yojana
n Launch - February 13, 2024 (by PM Modi)
n It is also known as Pradhan Mantri Suryodaya Yojana.
n Under this, solar panels will be installed on the rooftops of
1 crore houses, from which up to 300 units of free electricity will
be availabve every month.
n Under this, there is also a provison of subsidy up to Rs. 78000.
[ 38 ]
BASIC
n ‘KAPILA’ Kalam Programme 15 Oct., 2020
n Ayushman Sahakar Yojana 19 Oct., 2020
n Atmanirbhar Bharat Rojagar Yojana 12 Nov.. 2020
n Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana 24 Nov., 2020
n PM-WANI Yojana 9 Dec., 2020
n Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0 15 Jan., 2021
n Gram Ujala Yojana 19 March, 2021
n Jal Shakti Abhiyan : Catch the Rain 22 March, 2021
n PM-Yuva Yojana 29 May, 2021
n SEGE Program 4 June, 2021
n ‘Surakshit Hum Surakshit Tum’ Abhiyaan 8 June, 2021
n ‘Jaan hai to jahan hai’ campaign 21 June, 2021
n NIPUN India Program 3 July, 2021
n Prime Minister’s Ujjwala Yojana 2.0 10 Aug., 2021
n Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission 27 Sep., 2021
n Swachh Bharat Mission Urban 2.0 1 Oct., 2021
n AMRUT 2.0 1 Oct., 2021
n PM Mitra Scheme 6 Oct., 2021
n Pradhan Mantri Gatishakti Yojana 13 Oct., 2021
n AVSAR Scheme 8 April, 2022
n Swanidhi Se Samridhi Yojana 12 April, 2022
n SHRESHTA Yojana 3 June, 2022
n Agneepath Yojana 14 June, 2022
n Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana 14 June, 2022
n PM SHRI Yojana 5 Sep., 2022
n Yuva 2.0 (Ministry of Education) 2 Oct., 2022
n Tele-MANAS 10 Oct., 2022
n Mission LiFE (Kevadiya, Gujarat, by PM) 20 Oct., 2022
n Digital Shakti 4.0 16 Nov., 2022
n Amrit Bharat Station Scheme 27 Dec., 2022
n Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana 11 Jan., 2023
n Arogya Maitri Project 13 Jan., 2023
n Jal Jan Abhiyan 16 Feb., 2023
n 75/ 25 Initiative (Ministry of Health) 17 May, 2023
n Amrit Dharohar Yojana 5 June, 2023
n Vivad Se Vishwas 2.0 (Finance Ministry) 2 Aug., 2023
n My Bill My Rights Scheme 1 Sept., 2023
n PM Vishwakarma Yojana 17 Sep., 2023
n PM Janman Yojana 15 Nov. 2023
n PM Suryoday Yojana 22 Jan. 2023
n PM Surya Ghar : Muft Bijli Yojana 13 Feb., 2024
n NPS Vatsalya Yojana (Ministry of Finance) 18 Sept., 2024
n Pradhan Mantri Internship Scheme 3 Oct., 2024
n Pradhan Mantri Vidya Lakshmi Yojana 6 Nov., 2024
Schemes / Campaigns : At a glance
Plan Launch
n Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana 25 Aug., 2014
n Make in India 25 Sep., 2014
n Swachh Bharat Mission 2 Oct., 2014
n Mission Indradhanush Yojana 15 Dec., 2014
n Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao Yojana 22 Jan., 2015
n Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana 8 April, 2015
n Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana 9 May, 2015
n Atal Pension Yojana 9 May, 2015
n Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana 25 June, 2015
n Smart City Mission 25 June, 2015
n Digital India Mission 1 July, 2015
n Skill India Mission 15 July, 2015
n Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana 25 July, 2015
n Bharatmala Project 31 July, 2015
n One Rank-One Pension Yojana 7 Nov., 2015
n Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana 13 Jan., 2016
n Start-up India 16 Jan., 2016
n Setu Bharatam Project 4 March, 2016
n Stand Up India 5 April, 2016
n Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana 1 May, 2016
n Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana 1 April, 2017
n UDAN Scheme 27 April, 2017
n Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana 4 May, 2017
n Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar 25 Sep., 2017
Yojana - ‘Saubhagya'
n Deendayal ‘Sparsh’ scheme 3 Nov., 2017
n Bharatnet Yojana 13 Nov., 2017
n Khelo India School Games 31 Jan., 2018
n PM Jan Arogya Yojana - Ayushman Bharat 23 Sep., 2018
n PM-Kisan Samman Nidhi Scheme 1 Feb., 2019
n Prime Minister Karmayogi Maandhan Yojana 23 July, 2019
n Jal Jeevan Mission Scheme 15 Aug., 2019
n Fit India Movement 29 Aug., 2019
n Pradhan Mantri Kisan Maandhan Yojana 12 Sep., 2019
n Atal Bhujal (Atal Jal) Yojana 25 Dec., 2019
n Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana 25 March, 2019
n Swamitava Yojana 24 April, 2020
n Atma Nirbhar Bharat Yojana 12 May, 2020
n One Nation, One Ration Card Yojana 1 June, 2020
n PM Svanidhi Yojana 1 June, 2020
n New Education Policy 2020 30 July, 2020
n Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana 10 Sep., 2020
[ 39 ]
BASIC
State Government Schemes
Uttar Pradesh
- Abhyudaya Program : To provide free coaching to students preparing for various competitive exams.
- Kisan Kalyan Mission : To double the income of the farmers of Uttar Pradesh by the year 2022.
- UP Matrubhumi Yojana : Under this 50 percent of the cost of development works will be borne by the government.
- Bal Shramik Vidya Yojana : For school education to the children of child labourers, orphans, labourers, at the age of 8 to 18 years.
Madhya Pr. n Mukhyamantri Covid-19 For financial assistance of Rs. 5000 per month to the children orphaned due to
Bal Seva Yojana Covid.
n Devaranya Scheme To promote Ayurvedic medicines and to link it with employment.
n Launch Pad Scheme To provide a platform to the youth of 18 years of age to become self-reliant.
n Ladli Lakshmi Yojana Under this, 20 thousand will be given to the students taking admission in colleges
and universities.
n Jansunwai Yojana 2021 To share the complaint of your problem directly with the Chief Minister through
online medium
n CM Kisan Kalyan Yojana 4000 additional financial assistance to beneficiaries of PM Kisan Samman Nidhi.
n Rozgar Setu Scheme To provide employment to migrant workers (by the police of Umaria district)
n Ankur Yojana Under this, citizens will be honoured for planting trees during monsoon.
Chhattisgarh n Bajra Mission Its main objective is to provide farmers with fair price rates for small grain crops.
n Rajiv Gandhi Gramin Bhumihin To provide financial assistance to the landless citizens of the state doing agricultural
Majdure Nyay Yojana work. Under this, 12 lakh landless labourers will be given Rs. 6000.
n Garbage Cafe Scheme To provide food in lieu of plastic by Ambikapur Municipal Corporation.
n Rajiv Gandhi Kisan Nyay Yojana To provide 1500 rupees to the farmers as installment for the paddy crop.
n Godhan-Nyay Yojana To protect animals and help livestock farmers to increase their income along with
employment.
West Bengal n Pathashree Abhiyan Ten campaigns have been started for repair of roads in Bengal.
n Krishak Bandhu Yojana To provide annual assistance of Rs. 5000 per acre to the farmers in two installments.
n Yuvashree Arpan Yojana To provide better employment opportunities to about 50000 youth of the state.
n Matir Smristi Yojana For generating income activities in Horticulture and Fisheries by engaging local people.
n Chokher Alo Scheme To provide free eye treatment and spectacles to senior citizens.
n Maa Ki Rasoi Yojana To provide food for the poor and destitute at Rs. 5.
Odisha n Gopabandhu Sambadika To provide financial assistance to journalists who died of COVID-19.
Swasthya Yojana
n Bindu Sagar Safai Yojana To clean the Bindu Sagar Lake located in Bhubaneshwar.
n Ashirvad Yojana For education, health and maintenance of COVID orphans.
Karnataka n Arundhati and Maitri Yojana Under this, financial assistance will be provided to the brides of Brahmin families.
n Arthika Spandana Scheme For distribution of loans to help people during the time of COVID-19 and floods.
n Nekkar Samman Yojana To provide financial assistance to the weavers (cotton, silk, woolen) of the state.
Kerala n Namath Basai Program To provide medium of online education to tribal children at home.
n One School, One IAS Scheme To provide free coaching for CBSE examinations for poor meritorious students.
Gujarat n Vatan Prem Yojana Under this, Gujaratis will be able to take projects and agencies of their choice by
paying an amount of 60 percent.
n Mukhayamantri Bal Seva Yojana Children orphaned by Covid-19 will be given Rs. 4000/-per month till the age of 18.
[ 40 ]
State Scheme / Program Important Points / Objectives
Jharkhand n Mukhyamantri Sukanya Yojana For promoting women empowerment, completely ending child marriage.
n Sujalam Sufalam Yojana Renovation of 5000 ponds and reservoirs in the state so that water can be stored.
n CM Krishi Ashirvad Yojana To provide Rs,5000 to Rs. 25000 to the farmers having 1 acre to 5 acres of land.
n Kisan Fasal Rahat Yojana To provide security cover by the insurance company on the loss of crops due to
natural calamity.
Andhra Pr. n Jagannan Chedodu Scheme Financial assistance to tailors, barbers and washermen unable to raise livelihood
due to Corona.
n SALT Program To strengthen schools and provide training and skill development to teachers.
n STREE Scheme To support and empower women against domestic violence (Hyderabad Police).
Tamil Nadu n Smart Black Board Scheme To ensure better learning environment in 80,000 government schools.
Arunachal Pr. n Atmanirbhar Krishi Yojana To promote agriculture/horticulture, Rs. 60-60 crore will be given to agriculture
departments.
Telangana n Ryuthu Bandhu Scheme To provide Rs. 8000 per acre to farmers for Kharif and Rabi crops.
n Akash Se Dawa Pariyojana To provide medicines through drones at primary health centres.
Rajasthan n CM Anupriti Coaching Yojana To provide education to economically backward class, SC and ST students.
n Mukhyamantri Kisan One thousand rupees will be provided per month as a grant in the electricity bill of
Mitra Yojana the farmers.
Maharashtra n Mission Vatsalya Under this, 18 benefits, schemes and services will be provided to poor women
who lost their husbands due to Covid-19.
n Mission Oxygen Self To encourage Oxygen producing industries.
Reliance Scheme
Haryana n Sanjeevani Project To provide home treatment and care to COVID-19 patients.
n Gobardhan Yojana To make provision for sale of organic manure and cow urine to the farmers.
n Pranavayu Devta Pension For the maintenance of old trees above 75 years, Rs. 2500/-month will be given to
Scheme Panchayat.
Delhi n Mukhayamantri Covid-19 Under this, amount of 50000 will be given to each family, which has lost a member
Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana due to Covid-19.
Uttarakhand n CM Vatsalya Yojana To provide education to the children orphaned by Covid-19 till the age of 21 years.
n Atal Ayushman Yojana Free medical treatment to all the residents of the state.
n Mission Hausla To help get oxygen, ventilators for COVID-19 patients by Uttarakhand Police.
J & K n Awaam ki Baat radio programme To take steps taken by government for the interests of common people to the people.
Himachal Pr. n AYUSH ghar dwar program To keep home-isolated COVID-19 positive patients healthy by practicing yoga.
n Parvat Dhara Yojana To rejuvenate water bodies that are disappearing and to provide irrigation to the
fields.
Ladakh n Youn Tab Yojana Under this, tablets will be distributed to 12300 students of class 6th to 12th.
Sikkim n One Family, One Job To provide government job to at least one member of every family.
Assam n Mukhyamantri Covid-19 Under this, a one-time assistance of 2.5 lakh will be given to such women who have
Vidhwa Sahayata Yojana lost their husband due to Covid-19 disease, whose family income is less than 5 lakh.
n Mukhyamantri Shishu To provide financial assistance (Rs. 3500/ month) to the children orphaned by
Seva Yojana Covid-19.
Bihar n CM Mahila Udyami Yojana 10 lakh will be provided to women to start new employment.
n Jal Jeevan Hariyali Abhiyan To save water and greenery against climate change.
n CM Vridhjan Pension Yojana Rs. 400 monthly pension to all persons in the age group of 60-79 years.
Punjab n Mera Kam Mera Man Yojana To provide employment to unemployed youth by providing them training.
n Har Ghar Pani Har Ghar Safai To provide 100% potable water supply to all rural households by 2022.
[ 41 ]
Economic Scenario
n Govt. has increased the salary and pension of MPs by 24%.
n Bank of Baroda launched 'Global Woman NRE & NRO Savings
Account' for women.
n DMRC launched urban freight service with Blue Dart.
n RBI was awarded the 'Digital Transformation Award' by Londonbased
Central Banking.
n According to 19th Wealth Report 2025, India has become the 4th
largest global wealth center after the United States, China & Japan.
n IRCTC and IRFC have become the 25th and 26th Navratna
companies.
n BIMTECH launched digital currency 'Bimcoin'.
n India will become a high income country by 2027.
n Reserve Bank of India launched RBIDATA app.
n LIC has launched 'One Man Office' online service.
n IDFC First Bank launched digital avatar of Amitabh Bachchan.
n Tata AIA Life Insurance has launched a life insurance solution
called 'Shubh Muhurat'.
n SBI has launched 'Har Ghar Lakhpati' and 'SBI Patrons' schemes
to promote financial inclusion.
n Max Life renamed as Axis Max Life Insurance.
n RBI increases limit of unsecured agricultural loan to Rs. 2 lakh.
n India's GDP is estimated to grow by 6.8% in FY 25.
n RBI starts using AI tool called MuleHunter.Ai against financial
fraund.
n RBI has increased the transaction limit for UPI 123Pay from Rs
5000 to Rs 10000.
n India's Govt. has launched the 'Fight the Frauds' campaing in
collaboration with META.
n Bharat Earth Movers Limited has been awarded the contract to
manufacture bullet trains by Integral Coach Factory Chennai.
n Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has become the 14th
Maharatna company.
n The country of Bermuda has topped the Global GNI Ranking
2024 in terms of Gross National Income.
n Abu Dhabi city has been declared the rickest city in the world.
n India has provided loan facility to Mauritius in Indian Rupees for
the first time.
n India has become the fourth largest country with foreign
exchange reserves after China, Switzerland and Japan.
n HDFC opens first branch in Singapore to expand global presence.
n Bank of Baroda launches 'Bob Utsav Jama Yojana'.
n IDFC First Bank launched Mayura Credit Card.
n FM Nirmala Sitharman launched NPS Vatsalya Yojana.
n GST on cancer medicines reduced from 12% to 5%.
n Star Health launched India's first health insurance in Braille.
n Bank of India launched 'Star Dhan Vriddhi' FD scheme.
n Switzerland was voted the world's best country.
n RBI increases UPI limit for tax payments to Rs. 5 lakh per
transaction.
n India to retain 8th position in global agricultural exports in 2023.
n Bandhan Bank launches Avani savings account for women.
n SEBI launches AI chatbot 'Seva' for investors.
n Amul ranked as the strongest food brand in the world.
n India becomes world's largest importer of Russian oil.
n SBI launches MSME Sahaj online platform to enable MSMEs to
avail loans without any hassle.
n Indiabulls Housing Finance changed its name to Capital Limited.
n Paytm launched a health and income protection plan 'Health Sathi'.
n Tata Group became India's 'most valuable brand'.
n India's foreign exchange reserves increased to $663 billion.
n Britain became India's fourth largest export market.
n SBI has launched 'Amrit Vrishti Fixed Deposit Scheme'.
n IndusInd Bank has launched 'Wrestle for Glory' initiative to
support women wrestlers.
n BranchX launched India's first personal loan through ONDC.
n ICICI Bank has launched 'Student Saphiro Forex Card' for Indian
students living abroad.
n India has overtaken Hong Kong to become fourth in the global
equity market.
n Nvidia has overtaken Apple to become the second most valuable
company in the world.
n Mirae Asset has launched India's first EV Exchange Traded Fund.
n India's net FDI has fallen by 62% in FY24.
n China has overtaken US to become India's number 1 trading partner.
n According to the Prime Minister's Economic Advisory Council, the
Hindu population has declined by 7.8% between 1950 and 2015.
[ 42 ]
Science & Technology
n C-DOT has launched 'Samartha' incubation programme to
promote innovation and indigenous research in IT sectors.
n Google launches GEMMA-3 Al model.
n Elon Musk's AI company has launched a new and smart AI
chatbot Grok 3.
n IIT Madras launched India's first Hyperloop test track in
collaboration with Indian Railways.
n NASA launched its 'Athena' lunar mission.
n Google opened the largest office campus in India 'Anant' in
Bengaluru.
n TATA Steel has developed India's first hydrogen-transport pipe.
n Reliance Industries will build the world's largest data center in
Jamnagar, Gujarat.
n India has become the country with the third largest operational
metro rail network in the world after China and US.
n IIT Bombay's space tech start-up tests its first green propulsion
system, VYOM 2U.
n Kerala government unveils disaster risk mitigation system
'Kavacham'.
n India's first modern, self-sufficient cowshed with compressed
biogas plant was unveiled in Gwalior.
n Gujarat has become the 1st state to implement semiconductor
policy.
n Asia's largest Cherenkov telescope was inaugurated in Ladakh.
n Three indigenously developed Param Rudra supercomputers
were installed in Pune, Delhi and Kolkata.
n India's first pollution control vessel 'Samudra Pratap' was
launched in Goa. It has been built by Goa Shipyard Limited.
n University of Tokyo inaugurated the world's highest observatory
'Atacama Observatory' in Chile.
n Researchers of IIT Kanpur have successfully tested the country's
first velocity expansion tunnel test facility.
n Scientists of Agharkar Research Institute, Pune have developed
new non-toxic molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
n Bacterial disease murine typhus has been confirmed in a
75-year man from Kerala who recently returned from Vietnam
and Cambodia.
n MoHFW launches U-WIN portal for digital vaccine tracking.
n Central Railway has installed a 10 MW capacity flocculating plant
at Igatpuri lake in Western Ghats.
n Bajaj has launched the world's first CNG bike 'Freedom'.
n IIT Guwahati have discovered African swine fever virus protein.
n Finland-based company Wartsila has launched the world's first
large-scale 100% hydrogen-fired engine power plant.
n To revolutionise Ayurveda research and innovation, CCRAS has
launched PRAGATI-2024.
n Japan unveils world's first 6G device.
n IIT Guwahati develops innovative 3D printed dummy ballot unit.
n President dedicated CAR-T cell therapy to the nation at IIT Bombay.
n Citroen becomes the first multinational company to export EVs
from India.
n American doctors successfully transplanted a pig kidney into a
human for the first time.
n India's first indigenously designed 155 mm smart ammunition
to be developed by IIT Madras.
n India's first hypervelocity expansion tunnel test feacility has been
developed by IIT Kanpur.
n LG has created the world's first transparent smart TV.
n Researchers from IIT Mandi and IIT Madras have engineered plant
cells to make cancer drugs.
n Lucknow in Uttar Pradesh will become India's first AI city.
n The world's largest nuclear plant JT-60SA Started in Japan.
n India's first solar city was inaugurated in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh.
n Country's first Digital Science Park was inaugurated in Kerala.
n Meta released a human-like artificial intelligence named AI-JEPA.
n 'Indigenous Climate Prediction System' has been developed
by IITM Pune.
n India's fastest solar electric boat Barracuda launched in Kerala.
n IIT Madras has developed an indigenous water purifier 'AMRIT'
to remove arsenic and metal ions from water.
n Meta and IBM have launched an AI Alliance to promote open
source AI development.
n Google launches artificial intelligence neural network Gemini AI.
n The first quantum computer with more than 1000 qubits was
unveiled by IBM.
n Japan has unveiled the JT-60SA, the world's largest experimental
fusion reactor.
n Researchers at IIT Ropar have discovered a rare metal in Sutlej.
n Govt. of India has set a target of establishing a Semiconductor
Research Center by 2024.
[ 43 ]
Defence & Security
n The first Shaurya Vednam Utsav was held on March 8, 2025 at
Motihari town in East Champaran district of Bihar.
n The 23rd edition of naval exercise Varuna between India and
France was conducted in the Arabian Sea.
n ASTRA missile was successfully test fired from the Tajas MK1
prototype.
n Indian Navy participated in Exercise 'Sea-Dragon' 2025 in Guam.
n The 67th Foundation Day of Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO) was celebrated on 1 January 2025.
n Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited delivered the sixth
Scorpene submarime INS Vagsheer to the Indian Navy.
n The Ministry of Defence has declared the year 2025 as the 'Year
of Reforms'.
n Defence Minister Shri Rajnath Singh flagged off 'SANJAY-The
Battlefield System (BSS)' from South Block, New Delhi.
n India tested micro missile system 'Bhargavastra' to counter
drone attacks from 'Gopalpur Seaward Firing Range, Odisha.
n The 13th edition of the Admiral's Cup sailing regatta organised
by the Indian Navy was won by the Russian team.
n Adani Defence handed over the second Drishti-10 drone to
Indian Navy for maritime security.
n Russian-built INS Tushil joined the Indian Navy.
n Indian Army launched online learning platform 'Eklavya'.
n Indian Navy test fired K-4 missile from INS Arighat.
n India's first long-range hypersonic missile has been flight-tested
from Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha.
n Iran has unveiled the suicide drone 'Shahid 136B' and 'Jihad
ballistic missile'.
n Goa Shipyard Limited has launched two indigenous fast patrol
vessels Adamya and Akshar built for the Indian Coast Guard.
n 'Sudarshan Chakra Corps' of the Indian Army conducted the
Swavalamban Shakti exercise at Babina Field Firing Range, Jhansi.
n The second largest indigenous survey vessel 'Nirdeshak' (Yard
3026) was inducted into the Indian Navy.
n Aarti Sareen became the first woman Director General to
command the Armed Forces Medical Services.
n Indian Navy launched two anti-submarine warfare ships named
Malpe and Mulki at Cochin Shipyard.
n Iran launched 'Chamran-1' satellite.
n DRDO and IIT Delhi developed lightweight bulletproof jacket
ABHED.
n DRDO successfully test fired Long Range Glide Bomb (LRGB)
named Gaurav from IAFs Su-30 MK-1 fighter aircraft from Odisha.
n India launched first reusable hybrid rocket RHUMI-1.
n IN-SPACe has authorised Ajista BST Aerospace Pvt. Ltd to set up
satellite tracking facility in Hyderabad.
n India unveiled indigenous light tank Zorawar for high altitude
operations.
n World's largest maritime exercise RIMPAC 2024 began in Hawaii.
n SERA and Blue Origin declared India as partner nation for space
manned mission.
n Agnikul Cosmos launched Agnibaan rocket with world's first 3D
printed space rocket engine.
n DRDO successfully test fired air-to-surface RudraM-II missile
from Su-30 MK-I platform.
n Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders celebrated 250th Foundation Day
on May 14.
n DRDO test fires SMART missile system on Balasore coast in Odisha.
n Indian Army receives 27000 AK-203 assault rifles from Russia.
n America is first and India is fourth in global military expenditure.
n India sent the first shipment of BrahMos missiles to the Philippines.
n INS Tir and INS Sujata participated in the second edition of the
India-Mozambique-Tanzania Tri-Lateral (TRILET) exercise.
n INS Sandhayak was commissioned at Visakhapatnam.
n North Korea tests underwater nuclear weapon system.
n Japan became the fifth country to reach the surface of the moon.
n India ranked fourth in Global Fire Power 2024 military rankings.
n Assault rifle 'Ugram' developed by DRDO was launched.
n 10th phase of Sagar Parikrama began on January 1, 2024 in
Chennai.
n DRDO celebrated its 66th Foundation Day on January 1, 2024.
n Pakistan launches multi-launch rocket system Fateh-II.
n Indian Air Force tested SAMAR air defence missile system in
'Exercise Astrashakti' conducted at Surya Lanka Air Force Station.
n The world's highest 'fighter air field' will be constructed in Ladakh.
n Indian Navy completed a two-phase 'Prasthan' exercise in the
Offshore Development Area near Mumbai.
n A training launch of short-range ballistic missile Agni-1 was
successfully conducted from APJ Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha.
n On 4 December, a Pilatus PC-7 Mk II training aircraft crashed near
Tuparan town in Medak district after taking off from Dundigal
Air Force Station in Telangana.
[ 44 ]
Space Technology
n Indian-American astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore
(USA) along with two other Crew-9 astronauts Nick Hague (USA)
and Alexander Gorbunov (Russia) have returned to Earth after
286 days. They reached the coast of Florida on March 19, 2025
in SpaceX's Dragon capsule.
n Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore went to the International
Space Station on June 5, 2024 via Boeing Starliner spacecraft.
n Saturn got 128 new moons, taking the total number of Saturn's
moons to 274.
n ISRO has successfully germinated black-eyed pea seeds in space
for the first time.
n Japan launched 'Michibiki-6' satellite.
n Shubhanshu Shukla will be the first Indian to visit the
International Space Station. He has been selected as the pilot
for the Axiom-4 mission.
n ISRO launched two small satellites SDX01 and SDX02 under the
SpaDex mission by PSLV C-60 from Sriharikota.
n India has achieved its first space docking under SpaDeX mission.
n India became the fourth country in the world to perform a
docking in space.
n Google-backed Indian space start-up company Pixel launched
India's first private satellite constellation Fireflies by SpaceX rocket.
n ISRO successfully launched the European Space Agency’s (ESA)
Probe-3 satellite through PSLV-C59 rocket.
n India will establish its own space station by 2025.
n Japan launched the world’s first wooden satellite ‘LignoSat’.
n The communication satellite GSAT 20 developed by ISRO was
successfully launched in the US through SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket.
n The European Union's Proba-3 spacecraft will be launched by
ISRO to know the mysteries of the Sun.
n NASA has launched the Nasa SpaceX Crew-9 Mission in
collaboration with SpaceX to bring Sunita Williams back from
space. Sunita Williams traveled to the space station in June under
the Boeing Starliner mission.
n Ukraine successfully launched the ballistic missile Harim-2.
n Indian Air Force Squadron Leader Mohana Singh has become
the first woman pilot to fly the Air Force's Tejas fighter aircraft.
n NASA has launched the Tanager-1 satellite to detect major
emitters of carbon dioxide and methane.
n SpaceX's first private spacewalk mission Polaris Dawn is
completed.
n India's first National Space Day was celebrated on August 23, 2024.
n Two astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla and Prashant
Balakrishna Nair have been shortlisted by India for the Axiom-4
mission.
n SpaceX is planning to launch 'FRAME-2 Mission' to study the
Earth's polar region.
n A crater on the Moon has been named after Pasang Lhamu Sherpa,
the first Nepali women to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
n ISRO launched Earth observation satellite EOS-08 unsing Small
Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.
n Japan launched Advanced Earth Observation Satellite-4 'DAICHI-
4' (ALOS-4).
n Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko became the first person
to complete 1000 days in space.
n India and France's joint satellite mission 'Trishna' will monitor
the Earth's temperature.
n South Korea established National Space Agency KASA.
n Gopi Thotakura became the first Indian tourist to go to space.
n NASA appointed David Salvagnini as its first AI Chief Officer.
n China launched its new lunar mission Chang E-6, which aims to
collect 2 kg of samples from the far side of the Moon.
n Russia launches its first Angara-A5 rocket.
n ISRO will organize Space Science and Technology Awareness
Training (START) 2024 to inspire youth in space science.
n Researchers discovered Noctis, a giant volcano on Mars.
n SpaceX launches MethaneSat to monitor top polluting oil and
methane gas sites.
n Japan will launch the world's first wooden satellite.
n Aditya L-1 mission has detected the solar wind effect of coronal
mass injection.
n NASA launches the PACE mission aboard a Falcon-9 rocket to
study Earth's atmosphere and oceans as the world warms.
n Before ISRO's ambitious Gaganyaan mission, female robot
astronaut 'Vyommitra' will fly in space.
n Japan launched a SLIM carrying lunar lander rocket H-IIA.
Environment & Ecology
n Madhav National Park located in Madhya Pradesh became the
58th Tiger Reserve of India.
n The oldest Jurassic bird fossils have been found in China.
n UNESCO recognized Indore and Udaipur as 'Wetland Cities'.
n Kappad Beach (Kozhikode) and Chal Beach (Kannur) of Kerala
have been given Blue Flag certification. (Total Blue Flag certified
beaches - 14)
n The government has set a target of 10,000 GI tags by 2030.
n Chhattisgarh has become the first state to link forest ecosystem
to green GDP.
n Ratapani Tiger Reserve became the 8th tiger reserve of Madhya
Pradesh and 57th tiger reserve of India.
n Climate and Health Africa Conference (CHAC2024) was
organized in Harare, the capital of Zimbabwe.
n 'Pranhita Wildlife Sanctuary' was in news is in Telangana.
n 'Singhachalam temple' was in news is in Andhra Pradesh.
n After Kuno, preparations are on to bring cheetahs to the Gandhi
Sagar Sanctuary (MP).
n Guru Chasidas-Tamor Pingla Tiger Reserve of Chhattisgarh has
been declared as the 56th Tiger Reserve of the country.
n India's second largest butterfly species 'Southern Birdwing'
discovered in Madurai.
n India conducted study on 'Teal Carbon' in Keoladeo National
Park, Rajasthan.
n New plant species Ceropegia shivarayana discovered in Vishalgad
Fort.
n New species of horned frog discovered in Arunachal Pradesh.
n World's oldest known cave painting discovered in Indonesia.
n Researchers have discovered a new species of snake eel,
Ophichthus Suryai, off the Odisha coast.
n Venezuela became the first country to lose all its glaciers.
n Uttarakhand Tourism launched India's first astronomy tourism
campaing 'Nakshatra Sabha'.
n Argentine scientists have discovered 90 million years old
herbivorous dinosaur.
n The world's deepest Tam Ja' blue hole has been found in
Chetumal Bay, Mexico, with a depth of 1380 feet.
n New endangered balsam species discovered in Agasthyamala
Biosphere Reserve, Kerala.
n A species of isopod discovered near Kollam has been named after
IRSO.
n An asteroid was named after Bengaluru professor Jayant Murthy.
n Gupteshwar Forest of Odisha declared as Biodiversity Heritage Site.
n UP will set up its first 'tortoise conservation reserve' in Saryu.
n Indore got the title of the cleanest city of the country for 7th time.
n Singapore's Changi Airport became the best airport in the world.
n India has secured the top as a tourism destination for Sri Lanka.
n India's oldest sloth bear 'Bablu' died in Bhopal.
n According to IUCN, 25% of freshwater fish are at risk of extinction.
n Myanmar became the largest producer of opium.
n 500 MW solar park will be built by Rays Power Infra in Uttarakhand.
n China started the world's first fourth generation nuclear reactor
power plant.
n Gujarat has declared Ghol fish as the state fish.
n A new species of ‘Music Frog’ has been found in Arunachal Pradesh.
n Japan got a new island after an underwater volcanic eruption.
n Nawanpind Sardaran village of Punjab has received the 2023
award for the best tourist village of India.
n Udaipur will become India’s first wetland city.
n Coast Temple in Tamil Nadu became India’s ‘first green energy
archaeological site’.
n On October 18, President Draupadi Murmu launched the fourth
‘Bihar Agriculture Roadmap (2023-28)’ in Patna, Bihar government
has made a budget of Rs. 164000 crore for this agricultural roadmap.
n Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve has become the seventh
tiger reserve of Madhya Pradesh and 54th tiger reserve of India.
n On Tiger Day on July 29, 2023, the population of tigers has
increased to 3925 with the annual growth of 6.1%.
n Bengaluru has become the first Indian city to join the ‘World Cities
Culture Forum (WCCF).
n India’s first ‘Fisheries Atal Incubation Center’ will be set up in
Kerala.
n India’s first Vedic theme park ‘Ved Van Park’ was launched in
Noida (Sector-78), Uttar Pradesh.
n Assam has launched ‘Gajah Kotha’ campaign.
n Union Minister Jitendra Singh unveiled the new variety of lotus
‘Namoh 108’.
[ 46 ]
National Sports Awards-2024
Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna Award-2024 (4)
1. Gukesh D - Chess
2. Harmanpreet Singh - Hockey
3. Praveen Kumar - Para-Athletics
4. Manu Bhaker - Shooting
Arjuna Award-2024 (32)
1. Jyothi Yarraji - Athletics
2. Annu Rani - Athletic
3. Nitu - Boxing
4. Saweety - Boxing
5. Vantika Agrawal - Chess
6. Salima Tete - Hockey
7. Abhishek - Hockey
8. Sanjay - Hockey
9. Jarmanpreet Singh - Hockey
10. Sukhjeet Singh - Hockey
11. Rakesh Kumar - Para-Archery
12. Preeti Pal - Para-Athletics
13. Jeevanji Deepthi - Para-Athletics
14. Ajeet Singh - Para-Athletics
15. Sachin Sarjerao Khilari - Para-Athletics
16. Dharambir - Para-Athletics
17. Pranav Soorma - Para-Athletics
18. H Hokato Sema - Para-Athletics
19. Simran - Para-Athletics
20. Navdeep - Para-Athletics
21. Nitesh Kumar - Para-Badminton
22. Thulasimathi Murugesan - Para-Badminton
23. Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan - Para-Badminton
24. Sajan Prakash - Swimming
25. Aman - Wrestling
26. Manisha Ramadass - Para-Badminton
27. Kapil Parmar - Para-Judo
28. Mona Agarwal - Para-Shooting
29. Rubina Francis - Para-Shooting
30. Swapnil Suresh Kusale - Shooting
31. Sarabjot Singh - Shooting
32. Abhay Singh - Squash
National Sports Awards and Prize Money
Prize Prize Money
n Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna Award Rs. 25 Lakh
n Arjuna Award Rs. 15 Lakh
n Dronacharya Award : Lifetime Category Rs. 15 Lakh
n Dronacharya Award : Regular Category Rs. 10 Lakh
n Arjuna Lifetime Award Rs. 10 Lakh
Indian Grandmasters
n 85th Grandmaster - P. Shyaam Nikhil (Tamil Nadu)
n 84th Grandmaster - Vaishali Rameshbabu (Chennai)
n 83rd Grandmaster - Additya Samant (Maharashtra)
n 82nd Grandmaster - Vuppala Prraneeth (Telangana)
n 81st Grandmaster - Sayantan Das (Kolkata)
n 80th Grandmaster - Vignesh NR (Chennai)
n 79th Grandmaster - Pranesh M (Tamil Nadu)
n 78th Grandmaster - Kaustav Chatterjee (Kolkata)
n 77th Grandmaster - Aditya Mittal (Mumbai)
n 76th Grandmaster - Pranav Anand (Bengaluru)
Arjuna Awards (Lifetime) 2024 (2)
1. Sucha Singh - Athletics
2. Murlikant Rajaram Petkar - Para-Swimming
Dronacharya Award-2024 : Regular Category (3)
1. Subhash Rana - Para-Shooting
2. Deepali Deshpande - Shooting
3. Sandeep Sangwan - Hockey
Dronacharya Award-2024: Lifetime Category (2)
1. S. Muralidharan - Badminton
2. Armando Agnelo Colaco - Football
Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puraskar 2024 (1)
1. Physical Education Foundation of India
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy 2024 (3)
1. Overall Winner University - Chandigarh University
2. 1st Runner Up University - Lovely Professional University,
3. 2nd Runner Up University - Guru Nanak Dev University,
Amritsar
[ 47 ]
National / International : Awards
Beauty Competitions : 2024-25
n Mrs. Globe International, 2025 - Anuradha Garg (Gurugram)
n Mrs world 2025 - Tshego Gaelae (South Africa)
n Miss India USA, 2024 - Caitlin Sandra Neil (Indian American)
n Miss Universe, 2024 - Victoria Kjaer Theilvig (Denmark)
n Femina Miss India, 2024 - Nikita Porwal (Madhya Pradesh)
n Miss Grand International, 2024 - Rachel Gupta (Punjab)
n Miss India Universe, 2024 - Riya Singha (Gujarat)
n Miss India Worldwide, 2024 - Dhruvi Patel
n Miss World, 2024 - Krystyna Pyszkova (Czech Republic)
n Miss Universe, 2023 (72nd) - Shennis Palacios (Nicaragua)
Nobel Prize-2024
Field Recipient Special / why
Medicine n Victor Ambrose (America) For their contributions
n Gary Ruvkun (America) to the discovery of
microRNAs.
Physics n John J. Hopfield For foundational discover
(American) ies and inventions that
n Geoffrey E. Hinton enablie machine learning
(British-Canadian) with artificial neural networks.
Chemistry n David Baker (American) David Baker for his innovan
Demis Hassabis (British) tive work in computational
n John M. Jumper (American) protein design and Demis
Hassabis and John M.
Jumper for their
groundbreaking AI-based
protein structure prediction.
Peace n Nihon Hidankyo For efforts to create a
(Japanese organization) world free of nuclear
weapons.
Economics n Daron Acemoglu For the study of how insti-
(Turkish-American) tutions are formed and
n Simon Johnson affect prosperity.
(British-American)
n James Robinson
(British-American)
Literature n Han Kang (South Korea) For deeply poetic prose
that addresses historical
traumas and highlights the
fragility of human life.
Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar Award-2022
n Biology - Ashwani Kumar, Maddika Subba Reddy
n Chemistry - Akkattu Biju, Debabrata Maiti
n Earth and Atmosphere Science - Vimal Mishra
n Engineering Science - Dipti R. Sahoo, Rajnish Kumar
n Mathematics Science - Apoorva Khare, Neeraj Kayal
n Medical Science - Dipyaman Ganguly
n Physics - Anindya Das, Basudeb Dasgupta
Ramon Magsaysay Award-2024
n Karma Phuntsho (Bhutan)
n Gusen Thi Ngok Phuong (Vietnam)
n Parveeja Farhan (Indonesia)
n Miyazaki Hayao (Japan)
n Rural Doctors Movement (Thailand)
70th National Film Awards-2024
n 54th Dada Saheb Phalke Award - Mithun Chakraborty
n Best Feature Film - Aattam (Director - Anand Ekarshi)
n Best Hindi Film - Gulmohar (Director - Rahul V. Chittela)
n Best Actor - Rishab Shetty (Film - Kantara)
n Best Actress - Nithya Menen (Thiruchitrambalam) and
Manasi Parekh (Kutch Express)
n Best Director - Sooraj Barjatya (Film - Uunchai)
78th BAFTA Awards - 2025
n Best Film - Conclave (Christopher Nolan)
n Best Director - Brady Corbet (The Brutalist)
n Best Actor - Adrien Brody (The Brutalist)
n Best Actress - Mikey Madison (Anora)
77th Cannes Film Awards - 2024
n Palme d’Or Award (Best Film) - Anora (Sean Baker)
n Best Actir/Actress - Jesse Plemons / Anasuya Sengupta
n Best Director - Miguel Gomes (Grand Tour)
n Indian Anasuya Sengupta won the Best Actress award for the
film 'The Shameless', while the Indian film 'All We Imagine as
Light' directed by Payal Kapadia won the Grand Prix award.
[ 48 ]
Sahitya Akademi Award-2024
n English - Easterine Kire (Novel - Spirit Nights)
n Hindi - Gagan Gill (Poetry - Main Jab Tak Aai Bahar)
n Maithili - Mahendra Malangia (Essay - Prabandh Sangrah)
n Sanskrit - Dipak Kumar Sharma (Poerty - Bhaskaracaritam)
97th Oscar Awards-2025
n Best Film - Anora
n Best Director - Sean Baker (Anora)
n Best Actor - Adrien Brody (The Brutalist)
n Best Actress - Mikey Madison (Anora)
n Best Documentary Feature Film - No Other Land
67rd Grammy Awards-2025
n Album of the Year - Beyonce (Cowboy Carter)
n Record of the Year - Kendrick Lamar (Not Like Us)
n Song of the Year - Kendrick Lamar (Not Like Us)
n Indian-American chandrika Tandon won the Grammy Award in
the Best New Album category for her album 'Triveni'.
69th Filmfare Awards-2024
n Best Film - 12th Fail
n Best Director - Vidhu Vinod Chopra (12th Fail)
n Best Actor - Ranbir Kapoor (Animal)
n Best Actress - Alia Bhatt (Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani)
76th Emmy Award-2024
n Best Drama Series - Shogun
n Best Comedy Series - Hacks
n Best Actor (Darama) - Hiroyuki Sanada (Shogun)
n Best Actress (Drama) - Anna Sawai (Shogun)
n Best Actor (Comedy) - Jeremy Allen (The Bear)
n Best Actress (Comedy) - Jean Smart (Hacks)
Pulitzer Prize-2024
n Public Service - ProPublica (California)
n Investigative Reporting - Hannah Dreier (The New York Times)
n Editorial Writing - David E. Hoffman (The Washington Post)
n International Reporting - The New York Times Staff
n Audio Reporting - Invisible Institute and USG Audio Staff
n Breaking News Photography - Reuters News Agency Team
n Feature Photography - Associated Press News Agency Team
Padma Awards-2025
A total 139 persons were announced to be given Padma Awards.
2025. These include 7 Padma Vibhushan, 19 Padma Bhushan and
113 Padma Shri. This includes 23 women, 10 foreigners and 13
posthumously honored persons.
Padma Vibhushan (Total- 7 persons)
1. Duvvuvar Nageswara Reddy (Medicine, Telanganan)
2. Justice Jagdish Singh Khehar (Public Affairs, Chandigarh)
3. Mrs. Kumudini Rajnikant Lakhia (Arts, Gujarat)
4. Lakshminarayana Subramaniam (Arts, Karnataka)
5. M. T. Vasudevan Nair (Literature and Education, Kerala)
6. Osamu Suzuki (Trade-Industry, Maruti Suzuki, Japan)
7. Sharda Sinha (Arts, Singer, Bihar Kokila, Bihar)
Padma Bhushan (Total-19 persons)
1. A Surya Prakash (Literature & Education-Journalism, Karnataka)
2. Anant Nag (Arts, Karnataka)
3. Bibek Debroy (Posthumous, Literature & Education, Delhi)
4. Jatin Goswami (Arts, Assam)
5. Jose Chacko Periyappuram (Medicine, Kerala)
6. Kailash Nath Dixit (Others-Archaeology, Delhi)
7. Manohar Joshi (Posthumous, Public Affairs, Maharashtra)
8. Nalli Kuppuswami Chetty (Trade & Industry, Tamil Nadu)
9. Nandamuri Balakrishna (Arts, Andhra Pradesh)
10. PR Sreejesh (Sports, Hockey Player, Kerala)
11. Pankaj Patel (Trade & Industry, Gujarat)
12. Pankaj Udhas (Posthumous, Arts, Ghazal Singer, Maharashtra)
13. Ram Bahadur Rai (Literature & Education, Uttar Pradesh)
14. Sadhvi Tattambhara (Social Work, Uttar Pradesh)
15. S Ajit Kumar (Arts, Tamil Nadu)
16. Shekhar Kapur (Arts, Film Director, Maharashtra)
17. Shobhana Chandrakumar (Arts, Tamil Nadu)
18. Sushil Kumar Modi (Posthumously, Public Affairs, Bihar)
19. Vinod Dham (Science-Engineering, America)
Padma Shri (Total-113 persons) - Prominent among whom
Bhim Singh Bhavesh (Public Works, Bihar), Hemant Kumar
(Medicine, Bihar), Kishore Kunal (Civil Servies, Bihar) Smt. Nirmala
Devi (Arts, Bihar), Vijay Nityananda Surishwar Ji Maharaj (Spirituality,
Bihar), Arijit Singh (Arts, West Bengal), Smt. Arundhati Bhattacharya
[ 49 ]
(Trade and Industry, Maharashtra), Chandrakant Sompura
(Architecture, Gujarat), Smt. Jaspinder Narual (Arts, Maharashtra),
R. Ashwin (Sports, Cricketer, Tamil Nadu), Sheikha Al-Sabah (Medicine,
Kuwait), Arvind Sharma (Literature and Education, Canada), Ajay V.
Bhatt (Science-Engineering, USA), Chetan E. Chitnis (Science-
Engineering, France)
55th International Film Festival 2024 (Goa)
n Venue - Panaji, Goa (20 to 28 November, 2024)
n Festival Theme - 'Young Filmmakers - The Future is Now'
n Focus Country - Australia
n Best Film (Golden Peacock Award) - Toxic (Lithuania)
n Best Director - Bogdan Muresanu
n Best Actor - Clement Fauveau (Holy Cow)
n Best Actress - Vesta Matulayte and leva Rupikaite
n Best Indian Feature Film Director - Navjyot Bandivadekar for
Marathi film 'Gharat Ganpati'
n Best Web Series - Marathi series 'Lampan'
n Indian Film Personality of the Year - Vikrant Massey
n Special Jury Prize - Louis Corvoisier (Film - Bhavasal Bvu)
n ICFT-UNESCO Gandhi Medal - Georgain Film 'Crossing'
n Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award - Phillip Noyce
82th Golden Globe Awards - 2025
n Best Film - Emilia Perez
n Best Film-Drama - The Brutalist
n Best Actress (Drama) - Adrien Brody (The Brutalist)
n Best Actor (Drama) - Fernanda Torres (Still Here)
n Best Director - Brady Corbet (The Brutalist)
25th IIFA Awards-2025
n Best Film - Missing Ladies (Director- Kiran Rao)
n Best Actor - Kartik Aaryan (Film- Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3)
n Best Actress - Nitanshi Goyal (Film- Missing Ladies)
n Best Director - Kiran Rao (Film- Missing Ladies)
24th Laureus World Sports Awards 2024
n Sportsman of the Year - Novak Djokovic (Serbia)
n Sportswoman of the Year - Aitana Bonamati (Spain)
ICC Awards 2024
n Men's Cricketer of the Year - Jasprit Bumrah (India)
n Men's ODI Cricketer of the Year - Azmatullah Omarzai
n Men's Test Cricketer of the Year - Jasprit Bumrah (India)
n Men's T-20 Cricketer of the Year - Arshdeep Singh (India)
n Women's Cricketer of the Year - Amelia Kerr (New Zealand)
n Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year - Smriti Mandhana
BCCI Awards 2025
n Best International Cricketer (Men) - Jasprit Bumrah
n Best International Cricketer (Female) - Smriti Mandhana
n CK Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award - CK Tendulkar
FIH India Awards 2024
n Best Female Player of the Year - Savita Poonia
n Best Male Player of the Year - Harmanpreet Singh (India)
n Best Goalkeeper of the Year - Savita Poonia
n Best Defender of the Year - Rohidas
FIFA Awards 2024
n Best FIFA Men's Player - Vinicius Junior
n Best FIFA Women's Player - Aitana Bonmati
Sportstar Aces Awards-2025
n Sportstar of the Year (Women) - Manu Bhaker (Shooting)
n Sportstar of the Year (Men) - PR Sreejesh (Hockey)
n Sportswoman of the Year (Olympic Sports) - Manu Bhaker
Wisden Cricket Awards-2024
n Cricketer of the Year (Men) - Pat Cummins (Australia)
n Cricketer of the Year (Women) - Natalie Sieber -Brunt (England)
68th Ballon d'Or Awards-2024
n Ballon d'Or (Best Player, Men) - Rodri (Spain)
n Ballon d'Or (Best Player, Women) - Aitana Bonamati (Spain)
24th Laureus World Sports Awards-2024
n Sportstar of the Year - Novak Djokovic (Serbia)
n Sportstar of the Year - Aitana Bonmati (Spain)
[ 50 ]
Important Awards
n Jnanpith Award (Field-Literature)
2024 (59th) - Vinod Kumar Shukla (Hindi Writer)
2023 (58th) - Gulzar (Urdu poet) and Jagadguru Rambhadracharya
n Vyas Samman (Field-Literature)
2024 (34th) - Suryabala (Story Kaun Des Ko Vasi: Venu Ki Diary)
2023 (33th) - Pushpa Bharati (for 'Yaadein, Yaadein aur Yaadein')
n Saraswati Samman (Field-literature)
2023 (33th) - Prabha Varma (for novel 'Roudra Sathwikam')
2022 (32th) - Sivashankari (Tamil, for the book 'Surya Vansham')
n Dadasaheb Phalke Award (Field-Film)
2024 (54th) - Mithun Chakrawarti
2021 (53th) - Vahida Rahman
n Dadasaheb Phalke International Filmfare Award 2024
Best Film - Jawan (Director-Atlee Kumar)
Best Actor - Shahrukh Khan (Film-Jawaan)
Best Actress - Rani Mukherjee (Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway)
Best Director - Sandeep Reddy Vanga (Film-Animal)
n Bihari Award (Field-Literature)
2022 (32th) - Madhav Hada, for 'Pachrang Chola Pahar Sakhi Ri’
2021 (31th) - Madhu kankariya (Book-Hum Yahan The)
n Murti Devi Award (Field-Literature)
2019 (33rd) - Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari
2017 (31st) - Joy Goswami
n Abel Prize (Field-Math)
2025 - Masaki Kashiwara (Japani mathematician)
2024 - Michel Taillegrand (French mathematician)
n Indira Gandhi Peace Prize
2024 - Michelle Bachelet (Former Chilean president)
2023 - Daniel Barenboim & Ali Abu Awwad
n UNESCO Peace Prize
2022 - Former German Chancellor Angela Merkel to welcome
refugees from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan etc.
n Gandhi Peace Prize
2021 - Geeta Press, Gorakhpur (UP, India)
2020 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Former President of Bangladesh)
n Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavna Award
2018 - Gopal Krishna Gandhi
2017 - Mohammad Azharuddin and M. Gopala
n Booker Prize (Field-Literature)
2024 - Samantha Harvey (UK, for the book Orbital)
2023 - Paul Lynch (Irish, for the novel 'Prophet Song')
n International Booker Prize (Field Literature)
2024 - Jenny Erpenbeck and Michael Hofmann (for Novel 'Kairos')
2023 - Georgi Gospodinov (Bulgaria, Novel - Time Shelter)
n JCB Literature Award (Field-Literature)
2024 - Upamanyu Chatterjee (Book-Lorenzo Searches for.....)
2023 - Perumal Murugan (Tamil writer, book-Fire Bird)
n Sansad Ratna Award 2024
Kuldeep Rai Sharma (Congress), Amol Ramsingh Kolhe (NCP),
Shrikant Eknath Shinde (Shiv Sena), Sukant Majumdar (BJP),
Sudhir Gupta (BJP).
n Subhash Chandrambose Disaster Management Award 2024
In Institutional Category - 60 Parachute Field Hospital, U.P.
In individual category - .......................
n Subhash Chandrambose Disaster Management Award 2024
In Institutional Category - Indian National Centre for Ocean
Information Services (INCOIS)
Individual category - ............
n 5th National Water Awards 2023
Best Performing State - Odisha (2nd- Uttar Pradesh)
Best Urban Local Body - Surat (Gujarat)
Best Gram Panchayat - Pullampara (Kerala)
Other Awards
n Maharashtra Bhushan Award 2024 - Sculptor Ram Sutar
n Ramnath Goenka Journalism Award 2025 - Mridulika Jha
n Knight's Cross of Denmark - Vijay Shankar
n Gold Mercury Award - Dalai Lama
n Agyeya Smriti Samman 2025 - Uday Prakash
n Digital Transformation Award 2025 - Reserve Bank of India
n Ramsar Award 2025 - Dr. Jayashree Venkatesan (First Indian)
n Highest civilian award of Mauritius - PM Narendra Modi
n AM Turing Award 2024 - Andrew Barto and Richard Sutton
n Honorary Order of Freedom Award of Barbados - PM Modi
n 'Woman of the Year 2025' (By Time) - Purnima Barman
n Honorary Knighthood from UK - Sunil Mittal
n Best Security Award - Mopa Airport (Goa)
n UK Knighthood Honour - N Chandrasekaran
[ 51 ]
n SKOCH Award 2024 - Nagaland Forest Management Project
n Maharaja Harisingh Award - Lieutenant Governor Manoj Singha
n Kirti Chakra 2025 - Major Manjeet and Naik Dilwar Khan
n US Presidential Medal of Freedom - Lionel Messi (footballer)
n Padmapani Lifetime Achievement Award 2025 - Sai Paranjape
n Gates-Cambridge Impact Prize, 2025 - Professor Urvashi Sinha
n Gangadhar National Poetry Awrd 2023 - Pratibha Satpathy
n Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award - Aparna Sen
n 32nd Ezhuthachan Award 2024 - N S Madhavan
n National Tansen Samman 2023 - Pt. Swapan Chowdhury
n 34th GD Birla Award - Subi Jacob George
n Champions of the Earth Award 2024 - Madhav Gadgil
n International Children's Peace Prize 2024 - Neela Ibrahim
n Turner Prize 2024 - Jasleen Kaur
n Time Person of the Year 2024 - US President Donald Trump
n State Energy Conservation 'Gold' Award 2024
- Rashtriya Steel Corporation Ltd.
n Shri Chandrashekharendra Sarawati Award - PM Modi
n Highest Civilian Award of Kuwait - PM Narendra Modi
n Jamshedji Tata Award - Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
n Global Security Excellence Award - Ayodhya Ram Temple
n JC Daniel Award 2023 - Shaji N Karun
n Eruter Guardians Global Nursing Award - Maria Victoria Juan
n The Best FIFA Men's Player 2024 - Vinicius Junior
n The Best FIFA Women's Player 2024 - Aitana Bonmati
n World Peace Prize (in US) - Prime Minister Narendra Modi
n Miss Universe 2024 - Victoria Kjaer Thelvig (Denmark)
n Miss Charm India 2024 - Shivangi Desai
n Highest civilian honour of Guyana and Dominica - PM Modi
n Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2023
- Daniel Barenboim and Ali Abu Awwad
n Satyajit Ray Lifetime Achievement Award - Phillip Noyce
n 3rd Rohini Nayyar Prize 2024 - Anil Pradhan
n Highest civilian award of Fiji - Sri Sri Ravi Shankar
n Humanitarian Award 2024 - Mohanji
n Sakharov Prize 2024
- Maria Corina Machado and Edmundo Gonzalez Urrutia
n National Kishore Kumar Award 2023 - Rajkumar Hirani
n 25th Lal Bahadur Shastri National Award 2024 - Rajshree Birla
n SASTRA Ramanujan Prize 2024 - Alexander Dunn
n Mahatma Gandhi Leadership Award 2024- Dara Singh Khurana
n Global Prestige Award 2024 (UK Parliament) - Vinod Bachhan
n Singapore Literature Award 2024 - Prashanti Ram
n Youth Icon India Awards
- Neeraj Chopra and Ayushmann Khurrana
n National e-governance Gold Award - Varanasi's 'Lab Mitra'
n Olympic Order Award - Emmanuel Macron (President, France)
n Rajbhasha Kirti Award - B. Srinivas
n Miss Universe India 2024 - Riya Singha
n Miss India Worldwide 2024 - Dhruvi Patel
n Eklavya Award 2024 - Pratyaksha Ray (Swimmer, Odisha)
n First Vigyan Ratna Award 2024 - Govindarajan Padmanabhan
n Lifetime Achievement Award (Locarno Film Festival)
- Shahrukh Khan
n Indian Ambassador of Arts & Culture (IFFM 2024) - Ram Charan
n Best Airport Award - Rajiv Gandhi Airport (Hyderabad)
n Timor-Leste's Highest Honor - President Draupadi Murmu
n Fiji's Highest Honor President Draupadi Murmu
n Lata Mangeshkar Award 2022 & 2023 - Uttam Singh & S. Chitra
n IOC's 'Olympic Order Award' - Abhinav Bindra
n Best Technology Award - Indian Institute of Spices Research
n Gulbenkian Award 2024
- Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming
n Hans von Hentig Award - K. Chonklingam (Tamil Nadu)
n Agricultural Leadership Award 2024 (Horticulture) - Nagaland
n France's highest civilian award 'Knight of the Legion of
Honour' - Roshni Nadar (President of HCL Tech)
n Russia's highest civilian honour 'Order of St. Andrew the
Apostle' - Prime Minister Narendra Modi
n Best Agricultural State Award 2024 - Maharashtra
n 'Vishwambhar' Dr. C. Narayana Reddy National Literature
Award 2024 - Sivasankari (Tamil writer)
n Spice Award 2024 (by ISR) - Sopana Kallingal (Agripreneur)
n K. Saraswathi Amma Award - P. Geetha
n 12th Vishwa Hindi Samman - Dr. Usha Thakur
n PEN Pinter Prize 2024 - Arundhati Roy
n Commonwealth Short Story Prize 2024
- Sanjana Thakur's short story 'Aishwarya Rai'
n Prestigious Golden Conch Award
- Indian documentary 'The Golden Thread'
n V Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award- Subayya Nallamuthu
n Risk Manager of the Year Award 2024 - Reserve Bank of India
n Nelson Mandela Lifetime Achievement Award- Vinod Ganatra
[ 52 ]
Sports Panorma
38th National Games - 2025
n Event- Uttarakhand (in 11 cities, January 28 to February 14)
n Theme - Green Games (Torch name - Tejaswini)
n Mascot - Mauli (Motto - Sankalp se Shikhar Tak)
n Official sponsor company - Indian Oil Corporation
n Sports included for the first time - Yogasana and Malkhamb
n Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy (Most Gold Medal) - Services
Sports Control Board (Army)
n 1st Position - Services (68-Gold, 26-Silver, 27-Bronze, Total-121)
n 2nd Position - Maharashtra (3rd Position-Haryana)
n Bihar's Position - 29th (1-Gold, 5-Silver, 12-Bronze, Total-12)
n 39th National Games - Meghalaya (2027)
Sports Panorma
33rd Paris Olympics 2024
n Event - Paris (France) (26 July to 11 August, 2024)
n Mascot - Phrygian Cap (Motto - Games Wide Open)
n Theme - Let’s Move and Celebrate
n Total sports & events - 32 and 329 (Total countries - 206)
n Indian Athletes - 117 (Participated in 69 events in 16 sports)
n 4 new sports- Breaking, Sport Climbing, Skate Boarding, Surfing
n Chef-de-Mission of India - Gagan Narang
n Main sponsor of India's Olympic team - Adani Group
n Youngest Indian referee - Kabilan Sai Ashok
n Olympic Order conferred (by IOC) - Abhinav Bindra
n Oldest Indian athlete - Rohan Bopanna (tennis)
n Youngest Indian athlete - Dhinidhi Desinghu (swimmer)
n Flag bearers in opening ceremony - PV Sindhu & Sharath Kamal
n Flag bearer in closing ceremony- Manu Bhaker & P.R. Sreejesh
n Most medals- Leon Marchand (france, Swimmer, 4-gold, 1-bronze)
n First medal for India - Manu Bhaker (Haryana, bronze medal)
n Vinesh Phogat was disqualified in which event - Women's 50
kg wrestling event due to 100 grams overweight
n Announcement of retirement after Paris Olympics 2024
- Rohan Bopanna (tennis) and P.R. Sreejesh (hockey goalkeeper)
Medal Table
Rank Country Gold Silver Bronze Total
1. America 40 44 42 126
2. China 40 27 24 91
3. Japan 20 12 13 45
62. Pakistan 01 00 00 01
71. India 00 01 05 06
Medal winning Indian players
Player/Team Medal Event
Niraj Chopra Silver Javelin throw of 89.45m
Manu Bhakar Bronze Women's 10m Air Pistal event
Manu/Sarbjot Singh Bronze Mixed Team 10m Air Pistol event
Swapnil Kusale Bronze Men's 50m Rifle 3 Position event
Men's Hockey Bronze Defeating Spain (Cap.Harmanpreet)
Aman Sehrawat Bronze Wrestling, Freestyle 57kg event
19th Asian Games-2023
n Event - Hangzhou (China) (23 September – 8 October, 2023)
n Indian team flag bearer at the inauguration ceremony
- Harmanpreet Singh (hockey) and Lovlina Borgohain (boxer)
n Flag bearer of the Indian team at the closing ceremony
- P. R. Sreejesh (Goalkeeper of hockey team)
n India's first gold medal won - men's shooting team
n 1st Rank - China (2nd rank-Japan, 3rd rank-Korea)
n India's rank - 4th (Medals - 107, Gold-28, Silver-38, Bronze-41)
3rd Women's Premier League (WPL) 2025
n Final - Brabourne Stadium (Mumbai)
n Winner - Mumbai Indians
n Runner-up - Delhi Capitals
n Player of the Match - Harmanpreet Kaur
n Player of the Tournament - Nat Sciver-Brunt
5th Khelo India Winter Games 2025
n Event - Leh (Ladakh) & Gulmarg (J % K) (in two stages)
n 1st Stage - 23-27 January (Leh), 2nd - 22-25 February (Gulmarg)
n Mascot - Sheen-e-Shee (Snow Leopard)
n Total sports included - 6 (Total teams - 19)
n 1st (in Stage-I) - Ladakh (4-Gold, 2-Silver, 1-Bronze, Total-7)
n 2nd (in Stage-I) - Tamil Nadu (3rd - Maharashtra)
n 1st (in Stage-II) - Indian Army (2nd - Himachal P., 3rd - Ladakh)
[ 53 ]
Grand Slam Tennis Competitions : 2024-25
Australian Open-2025
Competition Winner Runner UP
n Men's singles Jannik Sinner (Italy) Alexander Zeverev (Germany)
n Women's Singles Madison Keys (USA) Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus)
n Men's Harri Heliovaara (Finland) Simone Bolelli (Italy)
doubles Henry Patten (Britain) Andrea Vavassori (Italy)
n Women's Katerina Siniakova (C. Republic) Su-Wei Hsieh (Taiwan)
doubles Taylor Townsend (USA) Jelena Ostapenko (Latvia)
n Mixed Olivia Gadecki (Australia) Kimberly Birrell (Australia)
doubles John Peers (Australia) John Patrick Smith (Australia)
French Open-2024
Competition Winner Runner Up
n Men's Singles Carlos Alcaraz (Spain) Alexander Zverev (Germany)
n Women's Singles Iga Swiatek (Poland) Jasmine Paolini (Italy)
n Men's Marcelo Arevalo (El Salvador) Simone Bolelli (Italy)
doubles Mate Pavic (Croasia) Andrea Vavassori (Italy)
n Women's Coco Gauff (USA) Sara Errani (Italy)
doubles Katerina Siniakova (Czech Repulic) Jasmine Paolini (Italy)
Event : From 26 May to 9 June 2024 at the Roland Garros Stadium, Paris (France)
Wimbledon Open-2024
Competition Winner Runner Up
n Men's Singles Carlos Alcaraz (Spain) Novak Djokovic (Serbia)
n Women's Singles Barbora Krejcikova (C. Republic) Jasmine Paolini (Italy)
n Men's Harri Hellovaara (Finland) Max Purcell (Austrailia)
doubles Henry Patten (Britain) Jordan Thompson (Austrailia)
n Women's Taylor Townsend (America) Gabriela Dabrowski (Canada)
doubles Katerina Siniakova (C. Republic) Erin Routliffe (New Zealand)
Event : from July 1 to July 14, 2024 in London (UK)
US (American) Open-2024
Competition Winner Runner Up
n Men's singles Jannik Sinner (Italy) Taylor Fritz (USA)
n Women's Singles Aryna Sabalenka (Belarus) Jessica Pegula (USA)
n Men's Max Purcell ( Australian) Kevin Krawietz (Germany)
doubles Jordan Thompson ( Australian) Tim Puetz (Germany)
n Women's Lyudmyla Kichenok (Ukraine) Kristina Mladenovic (France)
doubles Jelena Ostapenko (Latvia) Zhang Shuai (China)
n Mixed Sara Errani (Italy) Donald Young (American)
doubles Andrea Vavassori (Italy) Taylor Townsend (American)
n The four Grand Slam tournaments (Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US
Open), also known as majors, are important tennis events.
n The Australian Open and US Open are both played on hard courts, while the French Open
is played on clay and Wimbledon is played on grass.
9th T-20 World Cup 2024
n Event - 1-29 June, 2024
n Host country - USA and West Indies
n Brand Ambassadors - Usain Bolt, Yuvraj
Singh, Chris Gayle, Shahid Afridi
n Opening Match - Grand Prairie Stadium
n Final Match - Kensington Oval, Barbados
n Winner - India (by 7 runs, after 17 years)
n Runner-up - South Africa
n Most Runs - Rahmanullah Gurbaz (281)
n Most Wickets - Arshdeep Singh (India)
and Fazalhaq Farooqi (17 wickets)
17th Peris Paralympics-2024
n Event - France (28 August-8 September)
n Motto - L'Ome Pakam Vchmad
n Mascot - Phrygian cap
n Opening - Place de la Concorde Stadium
n Closing - Staut de France Stadium
n Main sports - 22 (Other events - 549)
n Number of Indian athletes - 84
n Flagbearers in the closing ceremony
- Sumit Antil and Bhagyashree Jadhav
n Flagbearers in the opening ceremony
- Harvinder Singh and Preeti Pal
n Chef-de-mission of India
- Satya Parkash Sangwan
n First gold for India - Avani Lekhara
n First Indian woman to win two gold
medals in Paralympic - Avani Lekhara
Khelo India University Games 2024
n Event - Guwahati (Edition-4th)
n Mascot - Ashtalakshmi
n 1st Rank - Chandigarh University (32-
Gold, 18-Silver, 21-Bronze, Total-71)
n 2nd - Lovely Professional University
(20-Gold, 14-Silver, 8-Bronze, Total-42)
Medal Table
Rank Country Gold Silver Bronze Total
1. China 94 74 49 217
2. Britain 47 42 31 120
3. America 36 41 26 103
18. India 7 9 13 29
ICC Champions Trophy-2025
n Event - Pakistan and Dubai
n Winner - India(3rd time)
n Runner-up - New Zealand
n Player of the Match - Rohit Sharma
n Player of the Tournament
- Rachin Ravindra
[ 54 ]
Venues for upcoming games
Sports Venues / cities Countries / States Year
n 33rd Summer Olympic Games Paris France 2024
n 34th Summer Olympic Games Los Angeles USA 2028
n 35th Summer Olympic Games Brisbane Australia 2032
n 25th Olympic Winter Games Milan & Cortina Italy 2026
n 26th Olympic Winter Games - France 2030
n 27th Olympic Winter Games Salt Lake City USA 2034
n 4th Winter Youth Olympic - South Korea 2024
n 4th Summer Youth Olympics Dakar Senegal 2026
n 38th National Games Uttarakhand India 2025
n 39th National Games Meghalaya India 2027
n 20th Asian Games Nagoya Japan 2026
n 21st Asian Games Doha Qatar 2030
n 22nd Asian Games Riyadh Saudi Arabia 2034
n 23rd Commonwealth Games Glasgow Scotland 2026
n 23rd FIFA Football World Cup --- USA, Mexico, Canada 2026
n 24th FIFA Football World Cup Morocco Portugal, Spain 2030
Uruguay Argentina, Paraguay
n 25th FIFA Football World Cup --- Saudi Arabia 2034
n 14th Cricket World Cup South Africa Zimbabwe, Namibia 2027
n 15th Cricket World Cup --- India and Bangladesh 2031
n ICC Women's Cricket World Cup --- India 2025
n 10th ICC Champions Trophy --- Pakistan 2025
n 11th ICC Champions Trophy --- India 2029
n 9th ICC Men's T20 World Cup --- USA and West Indies 2024
n 10th ICC Men's T20 World Cup --- India and Sri Lanka 2026
n 11th ICC Men's T20 World Cup --- Australia, New Zealand 2028
n 9th ICC Women's T20 World Cup --- UAE 2024
n 10th ICC Women's T20 World Cup --- England 2026
n U-19 Men's Cricket World Cup --- South Africa 2024
n U-19 Men's T-20 World Cup --- Sri Lanka 2024
n U-19 Women's T20 World Cup --- Malaysia, Thailand 2025
n 16th Men's Hockey World Cup --- Belgium & Netherlands 2026
n First Hockey Fives World Cup --- Oman 2024
n World Athletics Championships Glasgow UK 2024
n Women's Boxing World Champ. --- Kazakhstan 2024
n Men's Boxing World Champ. Osaka Japan 2025
n World Weightlifting Champion. --- Norway 2025
n World Badminton Champion. --- India 2026
n 24th Asian Archery Champion. --- Bangladesh 2025
n World Para Athletics Champion. Delhi India 2025
n ISSF Junior World Champion. Delhi India 2025
17th Indian Premier League-2024
n Event - India (22 March to 26 May)
n Title Sponsor company - Tata
n Total teams - 10 (Total matches-74)
n First match - CSK and RCB
n Winner - KKR (by 8 wickets)
n Runner up - Sunrisers Hyderabad
n Most runs - Virat Kohil (741 runs)
n Most wickets - Harshal Patel (24)
n Highest score - Sunrisers Hyderabad (287)
n Player of Match (Final) - Mitchell Starc
n Most Valuable Player - Sunil Narine
n Emerging Player - Nitish Kumar Reddy
n Fairplay Award - Sunrisers Hyderabad
n Most expensive player - Mitchell Starc
n IPL Chairman - Arun Dhumal
Khelo India Youth Games 2024
n Mascot - Veera Mangai (Edition-6th)
n Title Sponsor - Sports for All (SFA)
n First - Maharashtra (57-gold, total-158)
n 2nd - Tamil Nadu (38-gold, total-98)
n Third - Haryana (35-gold, total-103)
n Bihar - 21st (2-gold, total medals-5)
n New game included for 1st time - Squash
13th Cricket World Cup 2023
n Event - India (5 October-19 November)
n Final - Narendra Modi Stadium
n Global Ambassador - Sachin Tendulkar
n Winner - Australia (6th time, by 6 wicket)
n Runner-up - India (Capt.-Rohit Sharmi)
n Most runs - Virat Kohli (765)
n Most wickets - Mohammed Shami (24)
4th Khelo India Winter Games 2024
n Event - Leh, Ladakh / Gulmarg, J&K
n Mascot - Snow leopard
n 1st place - Army (10-gold, 5-silver,
6-bronze, total-21)
n Second place - Karnataka (9-gold,
2-silver, 0-bronze, total-11)
[ 55 ]
10 Stadiums : World Cup 2025
Stadium City
n Arun Jaitley Stadium - New Delhi
n Wankhede Stadium - Mumbai (Maharashtra)
n Muttiah Annamalai Chidambaram Stad. - Chennai (Tamilnadu)
n Eden Garden - Kolkata (West Bengal)
n Narendra Modi Stadium - Ahmedabad (Gujarat)
n Rajiv Gandhi Cricket Stadium - Hyderabad (Telangana)
n MCA International Stadium - Pune (Maharashtra)
n M. Chinnaswamy Stadium - Bengaluru (Karnataka)
n Himachal Pradesh C. Association Std- Dharamshala (Himachal)
n Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Bajpai Ekana Stadium - Lucknow
Players, States and Sports
Players States Sports
n Bajrang Punia Jhajjar, Haryana Wrestler
n Swapna Burman Jalpaiguri, West Bengal Heptathlete
n Jinson Johnson Kozhikode, Kerala Sprinter
n Dutee Chand Jajpur, Odisha Runner
n Deepika Kumari Ranchi, Jharkhand Archer
n Jitu Rai Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Shooter
n Hima Das Dhing, Assam Runner
n Sakshi Malik Rohtak, Haryana Wrestler
n PV Sindhu Hyderabad, Andhra P. Badminton
n Saina Nehwal Hisar, Haryana Badminton
n Sania Mirza Mumbai, Maharashtra Tennis
n Geeta Phogat Bhiwani, Haryana Wrestler
n PT Usha Kozhikode, Kerala Runner
n Milkha Singh Punjab, India Runner
n Dipa Karmakar Agartala, Tripura Gymnast
n Abhinav Bindra Dehradun, Uttarakhand Shooter
n Mary Kom Imphal, Manipur Boxer
n Krishna Punia Agroha, Haryana Discus Thrower
n Anju Bobby George Changanassery, Kerala Athletics, Jump
n Mithali Raj Jodhpur, Rajasthan Cricketer
n Karnam Malleswari Amdalavalas, Andhra P. Weightlifter
n Anjali Bhagwat Mumbai, Maharashtra Shooter
n Rani Rampal Shahabad, Haryana Hockey Player
n Bhawani Devi Chennai, Tamil Nadu Sabre fencer
n Lovlina Borgohain Golaghat, Assam Boxer
n Manika Batra Naraina Vihar, Delhi Table Tennis
n Ravi Kumar Dahiya Sonipat, Haryana Wrestler
n Manu Bhaker Jhajhar, Haryana Shooter
n Mirabai Chanu Imphal, Manipur Weightlifter
n Sanjita Chanu Kakching, Manipur Weightlifter
n Ms. Deepa Malik Sonipat, Haryana Para Athletics
n Shreyasi Singh Jamui, Bihar Shooter
n Vinesh Phogat Balali, Haryana Wrestling
n Saurabh Chaudhary Meerut, Uttar Pradesh Shooter
n Neeraj Chopra Panipat, Haryana Ath., Javelin Throw
n Viswanathan Anand Mayiladuthurai, Tamil N. Chess
n R. Pragnananda Chennai, Tamil Nadu Chess
n Kidambi Srikanth Mayiladuthurai, Tamil N. Badminton
n Seema Punia Sonipat, Haryana Discus Thrower
n Jerome Lalrinnunga Mizoram Weightlifter
n Waichung Bhutia Tinkitam, Sikkim Football
ICC Player of the Month Award 2024-25
Month Male Female
Mar-25 Shreyas Iyer (India) Jarjiya Ball (Aust.)
Feb.-25 Shubman Gill (India) Alana King (Aust.)
Jan.-25 Jomal Warrican (West Indies) Beth Mooney (Aust.)
Dec.-24 Jasprit Bumrah (India) Annabel Sutherland (Aust.)
Nov.-24 Haris Rauf (Pakistan) Danni Wyatt-Hodge (England)
Oct.-24 Noman Ali (Pakistan) Amelia Kerr (New Zealand)
Sep.-24 Kamindu Mendis (Sri Lanka) Tammy Beaumont (England)
Aug.-24 Dunitha Welalage (Sri Lanka) H. Samarawickrama (S.Lanka)
July.-24 Gus Atkinson (England) C. Athapaththu (Sri lanka)
June-24 Jasprit Bumrah (India) Smriti Mandhana (India)
Sports / Games & Mascots
Sports Mascot
n Khelo India Para Games 2025 (New Delhi) - Ujjwala
n 38th National Games 2025 (Uttarakhand) - Molly
n Khelo India Winter Games 2025 (Ladakh, J&K) - Snow Leopard
n Kho Kho world Cup 2025 (New Delhi, India) - Tejas and Tara
n 8th Women's Asian Hockey Trophy 2024 (Rajgir) - Gudiya
n 9th Asian Winter Games 2025 (China) - Bilbin and Nini
n 33rd Summer Olympic 2024 (Paris, France) - Phrygian cap
n Khelo India University Games 2024 (Guwahati)- Ashtalakshmi
n 15th Hockey World Cup 2023 (Odisha) - Oli (Tortoise)
n FIFA Women's World Cup 2023 - Tjuni
n 19th Asian Games 2023 (China)- Chenchen, Kangkong, Lianlian
n Khelo India Winter Games 2024 (Leh&Gulmarg) - Snow Leopard
n Asian Para Games 2023 (Hangzhou, China) - Fei-Fei
n 37th National Games 2023 (Goa, India) - Moga (Bison)
n 3rd Khelo India University Games 2023 (UP) - Jeetu
n 13th ICC World Cup 2023 (India) - Blaze and Tonk
[ 56 ]
CRICKET
ICC Champions Trophy 2025 (Final Match-Dubal)
Winner - India (defeated New Zealand by 4 wickets)
Ranji Trophy 2024-25 (Venue-VCA Stadium, Nagpur)
Winner - Vidarbha / Runner-up -Kerala
Women's Premier League 2025 (3rd, Braboume Stadium, Mumbai)
Winner - Mumbai Capitals (defeated Delhi Capitals)
Women's Under-19 T20 World Cup 2025 (Malaysia)
Winner / Runner-up - India (Beat South Africa by 9 wickets)
Vijay Hazara Trophy 2024-25 (Kotambi Stadium, Vadodara)
Winner / Runner-up - Karnataka / Vidarbha
Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2024-25
Winner - Mumbai (defeated Madhya Pradesh by 5 wickets)
Under-19 Women's Aisa Cup 2024 (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
Winner - India (defeated Bangladesh by 41 runs)
Under-19 Men's Asia Cup 2024 (Dubai, UAE)
Winner - Bangladesh (Defeated India by 59 runs)
Blind T20 Worid Cup 2024 (Pakistan)
Winner - Pakistan (defeated Bangladesh by 10 wickets)
ICC Women's T-20 World Cup 2024 (Hosted by UAE)
Winner - New Zealand (Beating South Africa by 20 runs)
Duleep Trophy 2024
Winner / Runner-up - India (defeated India B by 132 runs)
Women's Asia Cup 2024 (Dambuila, Sri Lanka)
Winner - Sri Lanka (defeated India by 8 wickets)
Cricket World Cup 2023 (Organized-India)
Winner/Runner-up - Australia / India
BADMINTON
India Open 2025 (New Delhi)
Men / Women Singles Winner - Viktor Axelsen / An Se-Young
Uber Cup 2024 (30th, Chengdu, China)
Winner/runner-up - China / Indonesia
Thomas Cup 2024 (33rd, Chengdu, China)
Winner / Runner-Up - China / Indonesia
Asia Badminton Championship 2024 (41st, China)
Men's Singles Winner/Runner-Up - Jonathan Christie / Li Shi Feng
India Open 2024 (KD Jadhav Stadium, New Delhi)
Men / Women Singles Winner - Kang Min-Hyuk / Tai Tazu-Ying
Malaysia Open 2024
Men / Women Singles Winner - Anders Antonsen / An Se-Young
Syed Modi International Badminton Tournament 2024
Men / Women Singles Winner - Lakshya Sen / PV Sindhu
Sudirman Cup 2023
Winner / Runner-up-China / South Korea
FOOTBALL
78th Santosh Trophy 2024-25 (Hyderabad, Telangana)
Winner / Runner-up - West Bengal / Kerala
FIFA Intercontinental Cup 2024 (1st edition, Qatar)
Winner / Runner-up - Real Madrid / Pachuca
SAFF Under-17 Champion 2024 (Thimpu, Bhutan)
Winner / Runner-up - India / Bangladesh
4th Intercontinental Football Championship 2024 (Telangana)
Winner / Runner-up - Syria / India
Durand Cup 2024 (133rd edition, Kolkata)
Winner / Runner-up - Northeast United / Mohun Bagan Super Giant
SAFF Under-20 Champion 2024 (6th, Lalitpur, Nepal)
Winner / Runner-up - Bangladesh / Nepal
Euro (European Football) Cup 2024 (Berlin, Germany)
Winner / Runner-up - Spain (4th time) / England
Kalinga / Indian Super Cup 2024 (Bhubaneswar, Odisha)
Winner / Runner-up - East Bengal FC / Odisha FC
AFC Asia Cup 2024 (Qatar)
Winner / Runner-up - Qatar / Jordan
AFC U-23 Men's Asian Cup 2024 (Qatar)
Winner / Runner-up - Japan / Uzbekistan
Spanish Super Cup 2024 (Saudi Arabai)
Winner / Runner-up - Real Madrid / Barcelona
India Super League 2023-24 (West Bengal)
Winner / Runner-up - Mumbai City thb / Mohun Bagan
UEFA Women's National Football League 2023-24 (Spain)
Winner / Runner-up - Spain / France
[ 57 ]
SAFF Under-19 Women's Football Championship 2024
Winner / Runner-Up - India / Bangladesh
Copa America 2024 (Edition-48th, Miami)
Winner / Runner-up - Argentina / Colombia
La Liga Football 2023-24 (Edition-36th)
Winner / Runner-Up - Real Madrid / Cadiz
HOCKEY
Men's Hockey India League 2024-25 (Odisha)
Winner/Runner-up - Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers/Hyderabad Toofans
Women's Hockey India League 2025 (Ranchi)
Winner / Runner-up - Odisha Warriors / Surma Hockey Club
Women's Junior Asia Cup 2024 (9th, Muscat, Oman)
Winner / Runner-up - India / China
Men's Junior Asia Cup 2024 (10th, Muscat, Oman)
Winner / Runner-up - India / Pakistan
8th Women's Asian Champions Trophy 2024 (Rajgir, Bihar)
Winner/Runner-up - India / China
Men's Asian Champions Trophy 2024 (Hostel-China)
Winner/Runner-up - India / China
14th Senior National Hockey Championship 2024
Winner / Runner-up - Odisha / Haryana
Sultan Azlan Shah Cup 2024 (Ipoh, Malaysia)
Winner / Runner-up - Japan / Pakistan
Tennis Men's Hockey 5th World Cup 2024 (Oman)
Winner / Runner-up - Netherlands / Malaysia
Tennis Women's Hockey 5th World Cup 2024 (Oman)
Winner/Runner-Up - Netherlands / India
TENNIS
Chennai Open 2025 (Edition-112th, Venue-Malaga, Spain)
Men's A Winner / Runner-up - Kirian Jacquet / Elias Ymer
ATP Tour Finals 2024 (Turin, Italy)
Men's Singles Winner / Runner-up - Jannik Sinner / Taylor Fritz
WTA Tour Finals 2024 (Version - Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
Women's Singles Winner / Runner-up-Coco Gauff/Zheng Qinwen
Billie Jean King Cup 2024 (It is a women's tennis tournament)
Winner / Runner-up - Italy / Slovakia
Davis Cup 2023 (112th, Malaga, Spain)
Winner / Runner-up - Italy / Netherlands
United Cup 2024 (Perth & Sydney, Australia)
Winner / Runner-Up - Germany / Poland
CHESS
World Chess Championship 2024 (Singapore)
Winner / Runner-up - D Gukesh (India)/Ding Liren (China)
U-8 World Cadets Chess Championship 2023 ( Samarkand)
Gold / Silver Medalist - Divith Reddy / Satwik Swain
Superbet Rapid & Blitz Chess 2024
Masters/Challenger Category Winners - Magnus Carlsen/Wei Yi
TATA Steed Chess Tournament 2024 (Netherlands)
Masters Category Winners - Wei Yi
Other Sports Competitions
Khelo India Para Games 2025 (New Delhi)
1st Position - Haryana (Total Medals-104) (2nd - Tamil Nadu)
Kabaddi World Cup 2025 (Wolverhampton, England)
Winner / Runner-up - India (men & women) / England (both)
Kho-Kho (Men/Women) World Cup 2025 (New Delhi)
Winner / Runner-up - India / Nepal
11th Pro Kabaddi League (Pune)
Winners / Runners-up - Haryana Steelers / Patan Pirates
Senior National Men's Handball Championship 2024
Winners / Runners-Up - Kerala / Chandigarh
20th Aisan Women's Handball Championship 2024 (Delhi)
Winner / India's Position - Japan / 6th
4th South Asian Junior Athleties Championship 2024
1st Position - India (Total Medals - 48, Gold - 21)
Asian Arm Wrestling Cup 2024 (Mumbai, Maharashtra)
Winner / Runner-up - Kazakhstan / India
Under-20 World Wrestling Championship 2024 (Spain)
India won a total of 7 medals (1-gold, 1-silver, 5-bronze)
The Beach Games 2024 (Edition-1st, Ghoghla Beach, Diu)
Mascot / 1st Position - Pearl (Dolphin) / Madhya Pradesh
World Snooker Championship 2024 (England)
Winner / Runner-up - Kyren Wilson / Jack Jones
[ 58 ]
Game Scenario: Miscellaneous
n Veteran Indian women’s hockey player, Vandana Katariya, has
announced her retirement from international hockey.
n The hosting rights for the Women’s World Cup 2035 have been
awarded to Great Britain (UK).
n Mohun Bagan Super Giants have defeated Bengaluru FC to win
the Indian Super League Football 2024-25 title.
n Punjab has defeated Madhya Pradesh to win the Hockey India
Senior Men’s National Championship 2025 title.
n B Sumeet Reddy announced his retirement from badminton.
n Sunil Kumar won bronze medal at Asian Wrestling Championship.
n Japan became the first non-host country to qualify for FIFA World
Cup-2026.
n Indian sprinter Archana Jadhav banned for four years.
n India Masters defeated West Indies Masters to win International
Mastors League (IML) 2025.
n 'Commonwealth Games Federation' changed its name to
Commonwealth Games.
n Indian footballer Sunil Chhetri has retumed to the national team
from retirement.
n Hockey Jharkhand became the 15th Hockey India Senior
Women's National Champion.
n Table tennis player Sharath Kamal retired.
n Bangladesh cricketer Mushfiqure Rahim retired from ODIs.
n Virat Kohli became the 7th Indian cricketer to play 300 ODIs.
n Shubman Gill (Men, India) and Alana King (Women, Australia)
n Saurav Ghosal won the 2025 Sydney Classic squash title.
n Pankaj Advani won the 14th Asian Championships.
n Sourav Ghosal won the 2025 Sydney Classic Squash title.
n Mohun Bagan Super Giants defeated Odisha FC to win the
second 'Indian Super League Winners Shield'.
n Virat Kohli became the fastest player to score 14,000 runs in
ODIs.
n Rohit Sharma became the second fastest player to score 11,000
runs in ODIs.
n Manu Bhaker won the BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year.
n Indonesia defeated China to win the first Asia mixed team title.
n Cristiano Ronaldo topped the list of highest-paid athletes of
2025.
n Varun Chakravarthy became 2nd oldest cricketer to debut in
ODIs.
n Pankaj Advani won the 2025 Asian Snooker title in Doha.
n Services won the Raja Bhalinder Singh Trophy at the 38th
National Games.
n ICC appointed Shikhar Dhawan and three others (Sarfraz
Ahmed, Shane Watson, Tim Southee) as Champions Trophy
ambassadors.
n R Praggnanandhaa won the 2025 Tata Steel Chess Masters.
n Jomel Warrican (Men, West Indies) and Beth Mooney (Women,
Australia) have been chosen as the ICC Player of the Month for
January 2025
n Smriti Mandhana was chosen as the 'Women's ODI Cricketer
of the Year'.
n India will host the 'FIDE Chess World Cup 2025'.
n Smriti Mandhana became the Indian to score the fastest
century (70 balls) in ODIs.
n Shreyas lyer became the captain of 'Punjab Kings' for IPL 2025.
n England's Martin Guptill retired from international cricket.
n Devjit Saikia became the secretary of the Board of Control for
Cricket in India (BCCI).
n Jasprit Bumrah became the fastest Indian bowler to complete
200 wickets in Test cricket.
n Koneru Humpy won the World Rapid Chess title for 2nd time.
n Zimbabwe made the highest score (344 runs) in T20 International.
n Russian tennis star Danial Savelev banned for 2 years for doping.
n Anmolpreet Singh became the fastest Indian to score a century
in List A.
n India will host the ISSF Junior World Cup in 2025.
n Indian men's hockey team reached 5th place in 2025 FIH rankings.
n Indian Grand Master D Gukesh became the youngest world
chess champion.
n Khelo India Winter Games 2025 will be held in Ladakh and
Jammu and Kashmir.
n PV Sindhu & Lakshya Sen won the women's and men's titles of
2024 Syed Modi International Badminton Championship.
n Holland's Max Verstappen won the Formula 1 title for 4th times.
n 13-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi from Bihar became the
youngest player to be signed in the IPL auction.
n Ritika Hooda won the gold medal at the World Military
Championship.
n India will host the first Kho-Kho World Cup in 2025.
n West Bengal became the champion with 151 medals in the 4th
National Finswimming Championship 2024.
n Mithali Raj has been appointed as the mentor of ACA Women's
Cricket Operations.
n Odisha won 14th Senior National Hockey Championship.
n Harbhajan Singh and Sania Mirza have been appointed as
ambassadors of Dubai Sports Council.
n India won a total of 17 medals in the Under-19 World Boxing
Championship.
n Ridhiman Saha has announced retirement from all cricket.
n Smriti Mandhana became the woman cricketer to score the most centuries in ODI cricket for India.
n In T20 International cricket, the Indian team made the second highest team score (297 runs) against Bangladesh.
n Virat Kohli has become the fastest batsman to score 27000 runs in international cricket.
n Salima Imtiaz has become the first Pakistani woman to become
an international cricket umpire.
[ 59 ]
Books & Authors
- The Brahmastra Unleashed - T. Sivanandan
- Ready, Relevant Nd Resurgent II - Anil Chauhan
- Above and Beyond - Shiv Kumar Mohanka
- After Me Chaos - M.J. Akbar
- Mahatma Gandhi and the Environment - T.N. Khoshoo
- They Will Shoot You Madam - Harinder Baweja
- Wings of Valour - Swapnil Pandey
- Living the Vivekananda Way - Annaya Awasthi and Nikhil Yadav
- Different But No Less - Anupam Kher
- Mother Mary Come to Me - Arundhati Roy
- The Chola Tigers: Avengers of Somnath - Amish Tripathi
- Operation Sindoor : The Untold Story ...... Pakistan - KJS Dhillon
- Operation Sindoor : The Fire That Silenced Terror - Dr. T.C. Rao
- The Man Who Became Cinema - Ashok Chopra
- The Conscious Network - Sagata Srinivasaraju
- The Rise of the Hitman - R. Kaushik
- Why the Constitution Matters - D.Y. Chandrachud
- M.S. Swaminathan : The Man Who Fed India - Priyambada Jayakumar
- Breaking the Glass Ceiling - Shakti Gurung
- The Emergency Diaries - Released by Amit Shah
- 10 Paise ka Postcard - Captain S.N. Ahmed
- A Billion Butterflies - Jagdish Shukla
- The One : Cricket, My life and More - Shikhar Dhawan
- The Diary of a Cricketer's Wife - Puja Pujara
- Janata Ki Kahani : My Autobiography - Bandaru Dattatreya
- Ramanujan : Journey of a Great Mathematician - Arun Singhal & Devendra Sharma
- Original Sin - Jack Tapper and Alex Thompson
- Narratives of the Bench - N. V. Ramana
- Leo : The Untold Story of Chennai Super Kings - P S Raman
- To the Seventh Generation - Dr. V. I. Mathan
- March of Glory - K Arumugam and Frrol D'Cruz
- The New Icon: Savarkar and the Facts - Arun Shourie
- Soumitra Chatterjee : The Legacy of Apu and Beyond - Sanghamitra Chakraborty
- The World After Gaza - Pankaj Mishra
- Jammu-Kashmir & Ladakh Through the Ages - Reghuvendra Tanwar
- The Unyielding Judge - AN Grover
- My Beloved Life - Amitav Kumar
- Speaking with Nature - Ramachandra Guha
- Friends-India's Closest Strategic Partners - Shriram Chaulia
- Nine Yard Sarees - Prashanti Ram
- Witness - Sakshi Malik
- Mountain Mammals of the World - M. K. Ranjit Singh
- Khaki Mein Sthitpragya - Anil Raturi
- Call of the Gir - Parimal Nathwani
- 75 Great Revolutionaries of India - Bhim Singh
- India @100 : Envisioning Tomorrow’s Economic Powerhouse - Prof. K.V. Subramanian
- Breaking Rocks and Barriers - Sudipta Sengupta
- Nitish Kumar, the Gandhi of Bihar
- Ashok Chaudhary and Shambhavi Chaudhary
- Kargil War : The Turning Point - Magod Basappa Ravindranath
- The Book of Compassion - Dalai Lama and Kailash Satyarthi
- Manoj Bajpayee : The Definitive Biography - Piyush Pandey
- Power Within : The Leadership Legacy of Narendra Modi - Dr. R. Balasubramaniam
- Ed Finds a Home - Alia Bhatt
- A Fly on the RBI Wall - Alpana Killawala
- I Have the Streets : A Kutty Cricket Story - Ravichandran Ashwin
- Source Code: My Beginnings - Bill Gates
- Hold On to Your Dreams - Ruskin Bond
- India's Foreign Policy - Kallol Bhattacharjee
- Winner's Mindset - Shane Watson
- India's Nuclear Titans - Soumya Awasthi and Srabhana Barua
- Heavenly Islands of Goa - PS Sreedharan Pillai
- The Idea of Democracy - Sam Pitroda
- Just a Mercenary - Former RBI Governor D Subbarao
- From a Car Shed to the Corner - S. Raman
- The Conspiracy - Gotabaya Rajapaksa
- Swallowing the Sun - Lakshmi Murdeshwar
- Basic Structure and Republic - PS Sreedharan Pillai
- Sculpted Stone : Mysteries of Mamallapuram - Ashwin Prabhu
- Maha Swapnikudu - P. Vikram
- Ek Samandar Mere Andar - Sanjeev Joshi
- An Uncommon Love : The Early Life of Sudha and Narayana Murthy - Chitra Banerjee
- Inspirations for graphic design from India - Jaya Jaitley
- Four Stars of Destiny - Manoj Mukund Naravane
- Samskriti ke Aayam - Manoram Mishra
- Gandhi A Lief in Three Campaigns - M.J. Akbar
- Breaking the Mold : Reimagining India's Economic Future - Rahit Lamba and Raghuram Rajan
- Naye Bharat Ka Samved - Released : Ramnath Kovind
- Welcome to Paradise - Twinkle Khanna
- Do Palko Ki Chhao Me - Dr. Hema Joshi
- Scindia and 1857 - Dr. Rakesh Pathak
- Building Partnership - Captain Himadri Das
- Cold Blooded Love - Girish Dutt Shukla
- The Day I Became a Runner - S. Chattopadhyay
- Reverse Swing - Ashok Tandon
- The Book of Life : My Dance with Buddha..... - Vivek Agnihotri
- G20 @ 2023 : The Roadmap to Indian Presidency - V. Srinivasa
- 20 Years of G20 - Rajat Kathuria and Pratik Kukreja
- Fire on the Ganga : Life Among the Dead in ... - Radhika lyengar
- Western Lane - Chetna Maru
- Pitchside : My Life in Indian Cricket - Amrit Mathur
- Heritage Trees of Goa - PS Sreedharan Pillai
- The Life, Vision and Song of Kabir - Vipul Rikhi
- Monsoon - Abhay K.
- How Prime Ministers Decide - Neerja Chaudhary
- Kargil : In the words of a traveler - Rishi Raj
- Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam : Memories Never Dies - Dr. Y. S. Rajan
- As The Wheel Turns - Ranjit Pratap
Important Days and Themes
- 14th November 2025 : World Diabetes Day (Theme: Diabetes in different stages of life)
- 12th November 2025 : World Pneumonia Day (Theme: Child life protection)
- 7th November 2025 : National Cancer Awareness Day (Theme: United by Unique)
- 24th October 2025 : World Polio Day (Theme: End Polio Now : Protect Every Child)
- 20th October 2025 : World Statistics Dayq (Theme: Driving Change with Quality Statistics and Data for All)
- 17th October 2025 : International Eradication of Poverty (Theme: Ending Abuse by Ensuring Respect and Effective Support for Families)
- 16th October 2025 : World Food Day (Theme: Sustainable Food Systems for a Healthy Planet)
- 29th September 2025 : World Heart Day
- 27th September 2025 : World Tourism Day
- 23th September 2025 : 10th Ayurveda Day (Theme: Ayurveda for People and Planet)
- 17th September 2025 : Social Justice Day (E. V. Ramasamy's birthday)
- 14th September 2025 : Hindi Day
- 11th September 2025 : National Forest Martyrs Day (Theme: Remembering Martyrs, Protecting Forests)
- 11th September 2025 : Mahakavi Day (Death Anniversary 'Subramania Bharati')
- 10th September 2025 : World Suicide Prevention Day (Theme: Changing the Narrative on Suicide)
- 8th September 2025 : International Literacy Day (Theme: Promoting literacy in the digital age)
- 5th September 2025 : Teacher's Day (Theme: Inspiring the next generation of learners)
- 29th August 2025 : National Sports Day, Major Dhyan Chand birth anniversary (Theme: Sports for promoting peaceful society and inclusive society)
- 23rd August 2025 : National Space Day (Theme: Aryabhatta to Gaganyaan : Ancient Wisdom to Infinite Possibilities)
- 20th August 2025 : Sadbhavna Diwas (Rajiv Gandhi)
- 19th August 2025 : World Humanitarian Day (Theme: Strengthening global solidarity and empowering local communities)
- 15th August 2025 : Independence Day (India)
- 14th August 2025 : Partition Horrors Remembrance Day
- 12th August 2025 : International Youth Day (Theme: Local Youth Actions for Sustainable Development Goals and Beyond)
- 7th August 2025 : National Handloom Day (Theme: Handloom : Women Empowerment, Nation Empowerment)
- 7th August 2025 : Javelin Day (Niraj Chopra)
- 6th August 2025 : Hiroshima Day
- 29th July 2025 : International Tiger Day
- 28th July 2025 : World Hepatitis Day (Theme: Hepaitis can't wait)
- 26th July 2025 : Kargil Vijay Diwas
- 22nd July 2025 : World Brain Health Day (Theme: Brain health for all ages)
- 19th July 2025 : Bank Nationalization Day
- 15th July 2025 : World Youth Skills Day (Theme: Youth empowerment through AI and Digital Skills)
- 11th July 2025 : World Population Day (Theme: The world's largest ever youth generation)
- 5th July 2025 : International Day of Cooperatives (Theme: Cooperatives: Towards a better world through inclusive ...)
- 1st July 2025 : National Doctor's Day (Theme: Behind the mask : Who treats the healers?)
- 1st July 2025 : GST Day
- 23rd June 2025 : International Olympic Day (Theme: Let's Move)
- 21st June 2025 : International Yoga Day (Theme: Yogo for One Earth, One Health)
- 20th June 2025 : World Refugee Day (Theme: Solidarity with Refugees)
- 12th June 2025 : World Kidney Cancer Day (Theme: Understanding Kidney Health)
- 12th June 2025 : World Day Against Child Labour (Theme: Progress is evident but there is more work to do : Let's make ...)
- 11th June 2025 : International Day of Play (Theme: Choose play every day)
n 8 June 2025 World Oceans Day - Wonder : Sustaining What Sustains Us
n 7 June 2025 World Food Safety Day - Food Safety: Science in Action
n 5 June 2025 World Environment Day - Beat Plastic Pollution
n 31 May 2025 World No Tobacco Day - Bright Products Dark Intent : Exposing the Appeal
n 25 May 2025 World Thyroid Day - Thyroid Disease and Artificial Intelligence
n 22 May 2025 International Biodiversity Day - Harmony with Nature and Sustainable Development
n 18 May 2025 International Maritime Women's Day - Maritime Women : Leading Change and Sustainability
n 12 May 2025 International Nurses Day - Our Nurses, Our Future
n 11 May 2025 National Technology Day - Empowering a Sustainable Future through Innovation
n 8 May 2025 World Red Cross Day - Keeping Humanity Alive
n 6 May 2025 World Asthma Day - Making Respiratory Treatment Accessible to All
n 25 April 2025 World Malaria Day - End Malaria with Us : Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite
n 22 April 2025 Earth Day - Our strength, Our Planet
n 19 April 2025 World Liver Day - Food is Medicine
n 14 April 2025 World Chagas Disease Day - Prevent, Control, Care : Everyone's Role in Chagas Disease
Date Year Day / Diwas Theme
n 19 April 1 2025 World Liver Day - Food is medicine
n 18 April 2025 World Heritage Day - Heritage under Threat from Disasters and Conflicts: Preparedness and
Learning from 60 years of ICOMOS Actions
n 15 April 2025 World Art Day - Art for unity and healing
n 7 April 2025 World Health Day - My health, my right
n 5 April 2025 National Maritime Day - Our Ocean, Our Obligation, Our Opportunity
n 27March 2025 World Theatre Day - Theatre and Culture of Peace
n 24 March 2025 World TB Day - Yes! We can end TB
n 23 March 2025 World Meteorological Day - Bridging the Early Warning Levels Together
n 21 March 2025 International Day of Forests - Forests and Food
n 15 March 2025 World Consumer Rights Day - Sustainable Lifestyles for a Just Transition
n 3 March 2025 World Wildlife Day - Wildlife Conservation Finance : Investing in People and Earth
n 1 March 2025 World Civil Defence Day - Civil Defence, Guaranteeing Safety of Populations
n 28 February 2025 National Science Day - Global Leadership in Science and Innovation for Developed India...
n 21 February 2025 International Mother Language Day - Silver Jubilee Celebration of International Mother Language Day
n 20 February 2025 World Social Justice Day - Forging Just Transitions for a Sustainable Future
n 13 February 2025 National Productivity Day - From Ideas to Impact : Intellectual Property for Competitive........
n 4 February 2025 World Cancer Day - United by Unique
n 2 February 2025 World Wetlands Day - Protecting wetlands for our shared future
n 26 January 2025 76th Republic Day - Swarnim Bharat: Inheritance and Development
n 25 January 2025 National Voters' Day - There is nothing like vote, we will definitely vote
n 24 January 2025 International Education Day - AI & Education : Maintaining human agency in a world of automation
n 23 January 2025 Parakram Diwas - Netaji : Courage, Determination and Patriotism
n 15 January 2025 77th Indian Army Day - Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena
n 10 January 2025 World Hindi Day - Hindi: The Global Voice of Unity and Cultural Pride
n 9 January 2025 Pravasi Bharatiya Diwas - Diaspora’s contribution to a Viksit Bharat (Developed India)
n 24 December 2024 National Consumer Day - Virtual hearings and digital access to consumer justice
n 23 December 2024 National Farmers' Day - Birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh, fifth PM of India
n 21 December 2024 First World Meditation Day - Inner Peace, Global Harmony
n 18 December 2024 Minority Rights Day - Promoting Diversity and Protecting Rights
n 18 December 2024 International Migrants's Day - Recognizing the contribution of migrants and respecting their rights
n 14 December 2024 National Energy Conservation Day - Powering Sustainablit : Every Watt Counts
n 10 December 2024 World Human Rights Day - Our rights, Our future, Right now
n 5 December 2024 World Soil day - Caring for soils : measure, monitor, manage
n 1 December 2024 World AIDS Day - Take the rights path: My health, my right
n 20 November 2024 World Children's Day - Listen to the Future
n 14 November 2024 Children's Day (India) - For every child, every right
n 14 November 2024 World Diabetes Day - Breaking barriers, bridging gaps
n 11 November 2024 National Education Day - Birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
n 10 November 2024 World Science Day - Making youth leaders
n 5 October 2024 World Teachers' Day - A voice of teachers towards a new social contract for education......
n 27 September 2024 World Tourism Day - Tourism and Peace
n 21 September 2024 International Day of Peace - Developing a Culture of Peace
n 8 September 2024 International Literacy Day - Promoting Multilingual Education: Literacy for Mutual Understanding & Peace
n 29 August 2024 National Sports Day - Sports for Promoting Peaceful and Inclusive Societies
n 10 November 2024 World Science Day - Making youth leaders
n 29 October 2024 Ayurveda Day - Ayurvedic innovations for global health
n 5 October 2024 World Teachers' Day - A voice of teachers towards a new social contract for education......
n 28 September 2024 World Rabies Day - Breaking Rabies Boundaries
n 27 September 2024 World Tourism Day - Tourism and Peace
n 23 September 2024 International Day of Sign Languages - Register for Sign Language Rights
n 21 September 2024 International Day of Peace - Developing a Culture of Peace
n 8 September 2024 International Literacy Day - Promoting Multilingual Education: Literacy for Mutual Understanding & Peace
n 29 August 2024 National Sports Day - Sports for Promoting Peaceful and Inclusive Societies
n 23 August 2024 National Space Day - Touching Lives by Touching the Moon: India’s Space Story
n 19 August 2024 World Humanitarian Day - Work for Humanity
n 13 August 2024 World Organ Donation Day - Be the reason for someone's smile today
n 20 July 2024 International Moon Day - Lighting up the shadows
n 18 July 2024 Nelson Mandela International Day - Combating poverty and inequality is in our hands
n 11 July 2024 World Population Day - Leave no one behind, make everyone count
n 1 July 2024 National Doctors' Day - Healing Hands, Caring Hearts
n 23 June 2024 International Olympic Day - Walk and Celebrate
n 21 June 2024 International Yoga Day - Yoga for Self and Society
n 20 June 2024 World Refugee Day - Solidarity with the World
n 14 June 2024 World Blood Donor Day - 20 years of celebrating donation : Thank you, blood donors
n 5 June 2024 World Environment Day - Our land, our future. We are united
n 31 May 2024 World No tobacco Day - Protecting children from tobacco industry interference
n 25 May 2024 World Football Day - Declared by the United Nations General Assembly
n 22 May 2024 International Biodiversity Day - Be a part of the plan
n 8 May 2024 World Red Cross Day - I give with joyfully and the joy I give is a reward
n 3 May 2024 World Press Freedom Day - A Press for the Planet: Journalism in the Face of the Environmental ........
n 22 April 2024 World Earth Day - Planet vs Plastic
JANUARY
n 9 - Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
n 10 - World Hindi Day
n 12 - National Youth Day
n 15 - Army Day (India)
n 23 - Parakram day (Netaji Subhash
Chandra birth anniversary)
n 25 - National Voters' Day
n 26 - Republic Day (India)
n 30 - Martyrs' Day, World Leprosy Day
FEBRUARY
n 4 - World Cancer Day
n 11 - Samarpan Diwas (Pandit Dindyal
Upadhyay death anniversary)
n 14 - Valentine's Day
n 20 - World Social Justice Day
n 21 - World Mother Language Day
n 28 - National Science Day
MARCH
n 3 - World Wildlife Day
n 4 - Chabahar Day
n 8 - International Women's Day
n 15 - World Consumer Rights Day
n 22 - World Water Day, Bihar Day
n 24 - World Tuberculosis Day
APRIL
n 7 - World Health Day
n 14 - Equality Day (Ambedkar Jayanti)
n 18 - World Heritage Day
n 22 - Earth Day
n 25 - World Malaria Day
n 26 - World Intellectual Property Day
MAY
n 1 - International Workers' Day
n 3 - International Press Freedom Day
n 7 - World Asthma Day
n 8 - World Red Cross Day
n 25 - World Football Day
n 31 - World No Tobacco Day
JUNE
n 5 - World Environment Day
n 7 - World Food Safety Day
n 8 - World Oceans Day
n 14 - World Blood Donor Day
n 20 - World Refugee Day
n 21 - International Day of Yoga
n 25 - Samvidhaan Hatya Diwas
n 29 - National Statistics Day
JULY
n 29 - International Tiger Day
OCTOBER
n 2 - Non-violence Day/Gandhi Jayanti
n 3 - World Animal Day
n 5 - National Dolphin Day
n 7 - Nilgiri Tahr Day
n 8 - Air Force Day
n 11 - International Girl Child Day
n 14 - World Standards Day
n 15 - World Students Day (APJ Abdul
Kalam)
n 16 - World Food Day
n 24 - United Nations Day
n 31 - National Unity Day (Sardar Patel's
birth anniversary)
n 31 - Indira Gandhi Death anniversary
NOVEMBER
n 7 - National Cancer Awareness Day
n 11 - National Education Day
n 12 - National Bird Day
n 14 - Children's Day, World Diabetes Day
n 15 - Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas
(Birsa Munda Birth Anniversary)
n 16 - National Press Day
n 3 - International Biosphere Reserve Day
n 20 - World Children's Day
n 25 - No non-veg Day
n 26 - National Constitution Day
DECEMBER
n 1 - World AIDS Day
n 2 - World Computer Literacy Day
n 4 - Indian Navy Day
n 5 - World Soil Day
n 6 - Maitri Diwas (Bhar-Bangladesh)
n 10 - International Human Rights Day
n 14 - World Energy Day
n 16 - Vijay Diwas
n 24 - National Consumer Rights Day
n 25 - Good Governance Day
n 14 - Veer Baal Diwas
[ 62 ]
Month/Fortnight/Week
n National Security Week : March 4-10, 2025
(Theme - Security & well-being important for developed India)
n World Interfaith Harmony Week : February 1-7, 2025
(Theme - Uniting for Peace)
n World Space Week : 04-10 October, 2024
(Theme - Space and Climate Change)
n India Water Week : 17-20 September, 2024
(Theme - Partnerships for Inclusive Water Development and.....)
n National Nutrition Week : 1-7 September, 2024
(Theme - Nutritious food for All)
n World Water Week : 25-29 August, 2024
(Theme - Bridging the Barriers : Water for a Peaceful and...)
n World Breastfeeding Week : 1-7 August, 2024
(Theme - Bridging the Gap Breastfeeding Support for All)
Year Declared by the United Nations
n 2019 - International Year of Indigenous Languages
n 2020 - International Year of Plant Health
International year of nurses and midwives
n 2021 - International Year of Peace and Trust
n 2022 - International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture
n 2023 - International Year of Millet
n 2024 - International Year of Camelids
n 2025 - International Year of Quantum Science and Technology
International Decade
n 2022-32 : International Decade of Indigenous Languages
n 2021-30 : United Nations Ecology Restoration Day
n 2019-28 : Decade of Peace, Nelson Mandela Decade
Date Year Day / Diwas Theme
[ 63 ]
BASIC
Important Conferences & Summits
Conference / Summit Venue / Chairman Event Date
n 19th Cities Summit 2024 Kampala (Uganda) 15-20 January, 2024
n 9th International Science Festival of India 2023 Faridabad (Haryana) 17-20 January, 2024
n 23rd World Sustainable Development Summit 2024 New Delhi 7-9 February, 2024
n 7th Indian Ocean Conference 2024 Perth, Australia 9-10 February, 2024
n 13th WTO Ministerial Conference 2024 Abu Dhabi (UAE) 26 February- 2 March, 2024
n 1st Nuclear Energy Summit 2024 Brussels (Belgium) 21 March, 2024
n 26th World Energy Congress Conference 2024 Rotterdam (Netherlands) 22-25 April, 2024
n 16th World Future Energy Summit 2024 Abu Dhabi (UAE) 16-18 April, 2024
n World Hydrogen Summit and Exhibition 2024 Rotterdam (Netherlands) 13-15 May, 2024
n 10th World Water Forum 2024 Bali (Indonesia) 18-25 May, 2024
n Fourth International Conference on Nuclear Safety 2024 Vienna (Austria) 20-24 May, 2024
n Bonn Climate Conference 2024 Bonn (Germany) 3-13 June, 2024
n 50th G-7 Summit 2024 Apulia (Italy) 13-15 June, 2024
n Ukraine Peace Summit 2024 Burgenstock (Switzerland) 15-16 June, 2024
n 24th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO Astana (Kazakhstan) 4 July, 2024
n Global India AI Summit 2024 New Delhi 3-4 July, 2024
n Colombo Security Conference 2024 Mauritius 10 July, 2024
n National Hindi Science Conference 2024 Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) 30-31 July, 2024
n 24th National Conference on e-Governance 2024 Mumbai (Maharashtra) 3-4 September, 2024
n SEMICON India Conference 2024 Greater Noida (Uttar Pradesh) 11-13 September, 2024
n 44th-45th ASEAN Summit 2024 Vientiane (Laos) 9 October, 2024
n 21st India-ASEAN Summit 2024 Vientiane (Laos) 10 October, 2024
n 19th East Asia Summit 2024 Vientiane (Laos) 11 October, 2024
n 23rd SCO Meeting of the Council of Heads of Government Islamabad (Pakistan) 15-16 October, 2024
n 8th India Mobile Congress 2024 New Delhi 15-18 October, 2024
n Asia Clean Energy Summit 2024 Singapore 22-24 October, 2024
n 16th BRICS Summit 2024 Kazan (Russia) 22-24 October, 2024
n 27th Commonwealth Heads of Govt. Meeting (CHOGAM) Apia (Samoa) 22-24 October, 2024
n United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (COP-16) 2024 Cali (Colombia) 21 Oct. - 1 November 2024
n First Asian Buddhist Summit New Delhi 5-6 November, 2024
n 19th G-20 Summit 2024 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) 18-19 November, 2024
n World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit 2024 Goa 20-24 November, 2024
n 55th International Film Festival of India 2024 Goa 20-28 November, 2024
n 11th Meeting of D-8 Economic Cooperation Egypt 19 December, 2024
n 18th Pravasi Bharatiya Divas Convention Bhubaneswar (Odisha) 8-10 January, 2025
n 25th All India Presiding Officers Conference Patna (Bihar 21 January, 2025
n 25th International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards Jaipur (Rajsthan) 7-9 March, 2025
[ 65 ]
Miscellaneous
Monetary Rates : Reserve Bank of India
n Bank Rate – 6.50%
n Repo Rate – 6.00%
n Reverse Repo Rate – 3.35%
Bharat Mandapam : Facts
n 'Bharat Mandapam' located at Pragati Maidan in Delhi, was inaugurated
by PM Modi on July 26, 2023.
n Its name 'Bharat Mandapam' is inspired from the concept of
Anubhava Mandapam of Lord Basaveshwara.
n Its architects are Sanjay Singh and Simon NAF (Spanish).
n It is constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji and Company Limited.
India's New Parliament House : Facts
n PM Modi inaugurated the new Parliament House on May 28,
2023, on the occasion of Vinayak Damodar Savarkar's 140th
birth anniversary, the foundation stone of which was laid by
PM Modi on December 10, 2020.
n Rs. 75 coin was launched to mark the inauguration.
n New building is part of Central Vista project, to be constructed
by Tata Limited at an estimated cost of Rs. 971 crore.
n The design of the building has been done by HCP Design and
Planning Company.
n The area of the triangular shaped building is 64500 sq. m.
n 1272 people will sit in joint session of New Parliament House.
n New Parliament House will have seating arrangements for 888
members in Lok Sabha and 384 members in the Rajya Sabha.
n The architect of the new parliament building is Bimal Patel.
Ramsar Sites of India : 2023-24
n Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Theerthangal Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Udhwa Lake - Sahebganj, Jharakhand
n Khecheopalri Wetland - Sikkim
n Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary - Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu
n Kajuveli Bird Sanctuary - Villupuram, Tamil Nadu
n Tawa Reservoir - Hosangabad, Madhya Pradesh
n Nakati Bird Sancturay (82nd) - Jamui, Bihar
n Naagi Bird Sanctuary (81st) - Jamui, Bihar
n Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve - Karnataka
n Longwood Shola Reserve Forest - Tamil Nadu
n Karavetti Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve - Karnataka
n Aghanashini Estuary - Karnataka
n Shalbug Wetland Conservation Reserve-Jammu-Kashmir (75th)
n Hygum Wetland Conservation Reserve - Jammu-Kashmir
n Thane Creek - Maharashtra
n Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex - Tamil Nadu
n Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Yashwant Sagar - Madhya Pradesh
n Ansupa Lake - Odisha
n Hirakud Reservoir - Odisha
n Tampara Lake - Odisha
n Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary - Karnataka
n Nanda Lake - Goa
n Satkoshia Gorge - Odisha
n Vembannur Wetland Complex - Tamil Nadu
n Vellode Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Vandanthangal Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Udaya Marthandapuram Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve - Tamil Nadu
n Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary - Tamil Nadu
n Sirpur Wetland - Indore, Madhya Pradesh
n Pala Wetlands (54th) - Siaha District (Mizoram)
n Sakhya Sagar Lake (53rd) - Shivpuri (Madhya Pradesh)
n Pichavaram Mangroves (52nd) - Pichavaram (Tamil Nadu)
n CRR – 4%
n SLR – 18.00%
n MSF – 6.50%
(As on 1 May, 2025)
Ram Mandir : Facts
n The foundation stone of the temple was laid - August 5, 2020
n Ram Mandir Pran Pratishtha program - January 22, 2024
n Ram temple of Ayedhya has been constructed in Nagar style.
n Ram temple has been designed by Chandrakant Sompura.
n Temple has been constructed jointly by Larsen & Toubro Co.
n Height of the temple built at a cost of Rs 1800 crore is 161 feet.
n Ramlala's idol (height-51 inches) is created by Arun Yogiraj.
n Ram temple has 5 pavilions, 392 pillars and 3 floors.
Current Affairs : Miscellaneous
n Presently the total number of Ramsar sites in India - 89
n State of India has maximum Ramsar site - Tamil Nadu (20)
[ 66 ]
Chandrayaan-3 : Important Facts
n Chandrayaan-3 was launched from Satish Dhawan Space
Center in Sri Harikota, Andhra Pradesh on July 14, 2023,
under the leadership of S. Somnath, by ISRO on LVM4-M4
rocket and successfully reached the South Pole of the Moon
on August 23, 2023. In this way India has become the first
country to land on the South pole of the Moon.
n It has 3 modules - Propulsion Module, Lander Module and
Rover. The 'Lander' has been named Vikram and the 'Rover'
has been named Pragyan.
n Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22, 2019 on a GSLV
Mark-III rocket by ISRO headed by K Sivan.
Upcoming Goals of Government of India
Target Year
n To lay optical fiber in all Villages 2025
n To stop urea imports 2025
n To make India a 5 trillion dollar economy 2025
n To make India TB free country 2025
n To blend 20% ethanol in petrol 2025
n To Provide confirmed tickets (Indian Railway) 2027
n To create a 1 trillion dollar digital economy 2028
n To achieve 100 metric tonnes of coal gasification 2030
n To eliminate Foot and Mouth disease in animals 2030
n To achieve 1 trillion $ exports in the service sector 2030
n Reduction of total carbon emissions by one billion tonnes 2030
n To make India the third largest economy in the world 2030
n Indian Railways to become Net Zero Carbon Emitter 2030
n Eliminate malaria from India completly 2030
n To make 30% of total vehicles electric 2030
n Eliminate AIDS and eliminate malaria 2030
n To achieve 500 GW of renewable energy 2030
n To achieve 280 GW of solar energy 2030
n To send astronauts to the moon 2040
n To make India a developed nation 2047
n Reduce hydrofluorocarbon use by 80% 2047
n To increase nuclear power capacity to 1 lakh MW 2047
n To make India energy independent/self-reliant 2047
n To achieve self-sufficiency in shipbuiling 2047
n To achieve zero carbon emissions in Mumbai city 2050
n To achieve zero carbon emissions by India 2070
n To achieve net zero by India 2070
'Statues' installed in the year 2022-24
n Statue of Union (Tallest statue of Hanuman Ji outside India)
- A 90-foot-high bronze statue of Hanuman Ji has been
unveiled in Sugarland city near Houston, Texas (USA).
n Statue of Valor
- The 125-feet-high 'Statue of Valor' in Jorhat, Assam is a
bronze statue of Ahom general Lachit Borphukan.
n Statue of Oneness (Ekatmata Ki Pratima)
- 108 feet high 'Statue of Oneness' is a statue of Adi
Shankaracharya situated on the Mandhata mountain on the
banks of river Saryu in Omkareshwar in Khandwa district of
Madhya Pradesh.
n Statue of Equality
- The 'Statue of Equality' located in Hyderabad (Telangana) is
216 feet (65-5 m) high, a statue of Saint Sri Ramanujacharjee.
- It is the second largest statue in the world in sitting posture.
n Statue of Knowledge
- 70 feet high 'Statue of Knowledge' established in Latur,
Maharashtra is the statue of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
n Statue of Prosperity
- 108 fee tall 'Statue of Prosperity' located in Bengaluru
(Karnataka) is a statue of Shri Nath Prabhu Kempegowda.
n Statue of Peace
- 27 feet high 'Statue of Peace' located at Jaitpura in Pali district
of Rajasthan is a statue of Jain Acharya Vijay Vallabh
Surishwar Ji Maharaj.
n Statue of Peace / Shanti Pratima of Sri Ramanujacharya
- Home Minister Amit Shah unveiled the 4 feet tall 'Statue of
Peace' of Sri Ramanujacharya in Srinagar, Jammu-Kashmir.
n Statue of Unity
- 182 m (597 ft) tall Statue of Unity is a statue of Sardar Vallabhbhai
Patel, located on Narmada River in Kevadiya, Gujarat.
- It is the tallest statue in the world.
- It is built by L&T company.
- The craftsman of this idol is Ram V-Sutar.
n Statue of Belief
- The 112 m (369 ft) tall 'Statue of Belief (Vishwas Swaroopam)'
is a statue of Lord Shiva located in Nathdwara city of
Rajasthan.
Vande Bharat Train : Facts
n First train - 15 February, 2019 (Delhi to Varansai)
n Second train - 3 October, 2019 (Delhi to Katra)
n First woman driver to run Vande Bharat - Surekha Yadav
n Construction of Vande Bharat - Integral Coach Factory, Chennai
n Old name of Vande Bharat - Train-18
n South India's first Vande Bharat train - Bangalore to Chennai
Latest Abbreviations
- AASU : All-Assam Students Union
- ABD : Asian Developement Bank
- AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- AIIMS : All India Institute of Medical Science
- AIM : Atal Innovation Mission
- ASEAN : Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- ASHA : Accredited Social Health Activist
- BARC : Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- BHIM : Bharat Interface for Money
- BSNL : Bhatat Sanchar Nigam Ltd.
- CAB/CAA : Citizenship Amendment Bill/Act
- CAG : Comptroller and Auditor General of India
- CDSCO : Central Drugs Standrad Control Organisation
- CET : Common Eligibility Test
- ChatGPT : Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer
- CITU : Centre of Indian Trade Unions
- CNG : Compressed Natural Gas
- Covid : Corona Virus Desease
- CRR : Cash Reserve Ratio
- DMRC : Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
- DRDO : Defence Research and Devlopment Organisation
- EPZ : Export Processing Zone
- EVM : Electronic Voting Machine
- FATF : Financial Action Task Force
- FCI : Food Corporation of India
- FEMA : Foreign Exchange Management Act
- FERA : Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
- FIR : First Information Report
- FSSAI : Food Safety and Standards Authority
- GNP : Gross National Product
- GPS : Global Positioning System
- GRIPS : Government Receipt Portal System
- GSLV : Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
- GST : Goods and Service Tax
- HDI : Human Developement Index
- HTTP : Hypertext Transfer Protocal
- IAEA : International Atomic Energy Commission
- IBRD : International Bank for Reconstruction and Developement (World Bank)
- IFFCO : Indian Farmers Fertilisers Corporation Limited
- IFSC : Indian Financial System Code
- IGNOU : Indira Gandhi National Open University
- IMEI : International Mobile Equipment Identity
- IMF : Inrernational Monetary Fund
- IMPS : Immediate Payment Service
- I.N.D.I.A. : Indian National Development Include Alliance
- IPO : Initial Public Offering
- IRCTC : Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation
- IRDA : Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
- ISBN : International Standard Book Number
- ISDN : Integrated Services Digital Network
- ISRO : Indian Space Research Organisation
- ISS : International Space Station
- KMC : Kolkata Municipal Corporation
- KYC : Know Your Customer
- LAF : Liquidity Adjustment Facility
- LPG : Liquefied Petrolium Gas
- MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
- MoU : Memorandum of Understanding
- MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- NABARD : National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
- NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
- NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
- NBFC : Non-Banking Financial Company
- NCERT : National Council of Educational Research and Training
- NDA : National Democratic Alliance
- NDRF : National Disaster Response Force
- NEFRA : National Finance Reporting Authority
- NEFT : National Electronic Fund Transfer
- NGT : National Green Tribunal
- NITI : National Institution for Transforming India
- NOTA : None of the Above
- NPA : Non Performing Asset
- NRC : National Register of Citizens
- NRI : Non-Resident Indian
- NSE : National Stock Exchange
- NSSO : National Sample Survey Organisation
- NTPC : National Thermal Power Corporation
- ONGC : Oil And Natural Gas Commission
- OPEC : Organisation Of Petroleum Exporting Countries
- OSCE : Organisation For Security And Cooperation In Europe
- OBC : Other Backward Classes
- ODF : Open Defection Free
- ONGC : Oil and Natural Gas Commission
- OPEC : Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
- PAN : Permanent Account Number
- PCS : Provincial Civil Service
- PETA : People of Ethical Treatment for Animals
- PIL : Public Interest Litigation
- PSLV : Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
- PWD : Public Works Department
- RADAR : Radio Detection and Ranging
- RERA : Real Estate Regulatory Authority
- RTGS : Real Time Gross Settlement
- RTI : Right to Information
- SAARC : South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- SEATO : South East Asia treaty Organisation
- SEBI : Securities and Exchange Board of India
- SEZ : Special Economic Zone
- SIDBI : Small Industries Development Bank of India
- SLR : Statutory Liquidity Ratio
- TIFR : Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research
- TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language
- TRAI : Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
- TRIPS : Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
- UIDAI : Unique Identification Authority of India
- UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
- UNHRC : United Nations Human Rights Council
- UNDP : United nations Development Programme
- UPA : United Progressive Alliance
- UPI : Unified Payments Interface
- VIRUS : Vital Information Resources Under Siege
- VVPAT : Voter Varifiable Paper Audit Trail
- WIPRO : Western Indian Products
- WMO : World Meteorological Organisation
- WTO : World Trade Organisation
- XML : Extensible Mark-up Language